Java枚举

枚举比较简单用一个Demo来学习：

枚举类型定义：

package com.google.www.javacore.enumtest;

/**
 * Created by dell on 2016/12/10.
 */
public enum Size
{
    /**
     * 小号
     */
    SMALL("S"),

    /**
     *中号
     */
    MEDIUM("M"),

    /**
     * 大号
     */
    LARGE("L"),

    /**
     * 超大号
     */
    EXTRA_LARGE("EL");


    Size(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    String name;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }
}

枚举类型的使用举例：

package com.google.www.javacore.enumtest;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created by dell on 2016/12/10.
 */
public class EnumDemo
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter a SIZE: ");
        String input = in.next().toUpperCase();

        //valueof方法返回该枚举类型的对应常量值，若input非法直接抛出异常
        Size s = (Size) Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);

        //toString方法直接返回该常量的字符串
        System.out.println("Size = " + s);

        System.out.println("The name of " + s +" is " + s.getName());

        //比较两个枚举值常量时直接用==来比较，不用equals方法来比较。
        if (Size.LARGE == s)
        {
            System.out.println("The size is Large.");
        }
    }
}

附Enum的valueof方法：

    /**
     * Returns the enum constant of the specified enum type with the
     * specified name.  The name must match exactly an identifier used
     * to declare an enum constant in this type.  (Extraneous whitespace
     * characters are not permitted.)
     *
     * <p>Note that for a particular enum type {@code T}, the
     * implicitly declared {@code public static T valueOf(String)}
     * method on that enum may be used instead of this method to map
     * from a name to the corresponding enum constant.  All the
     * constants of an enum type can be obtained by calling the
     * implicit {@code public static T[] values()} method of that
     * type.
     *
     * @param <T> The enum type whose constant is to be returned
     * @param enumType the {@code Class} object of the enum type from which
     *      to return a constant
     * @param name the name of the constant to return
     * @return the enum constant of the specified enum type with the
     *      specified name
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified enum type has
     *         no constant with the specified name, or the specified
     *         class object does not represent an enum type
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code enumType} or {@code name}
     *         is null
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType,
                                                String name) {
        T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        if (name == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }