1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
WARNING:root:This is warning message
默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING; 日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。
2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',#这里需要在当前文件的同一目录下自己去创建一个myapp.log的文件
filemode='w')
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
Tue, 23 Jan 2018 11:44:15 test1.py[line:82] DEBUG This is debug message
Tue, 23 Jan 2018 11:44:15 test1.py[line:83] INFO This is info message
Tue, 23 Jan 2018 11:44:15 test1.py[line:84] WARNING This is warning message
logging.basicConfig函数各参数
参数名 | 说明 |
---|---|
filename | 指定日志文件名 |
filemode | 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,’w’或’a’ |
format | 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示 |
%(levelno)s | 打印日志级别的数值 |
%(levelname)s | 打印日志级别名称 |
%(pathname)s | 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0] |
%(filename)s | 打印当前执行程序名 |
%(funcName)s | 打印日志的当前函数 |
%(lineno)d | 打印日志的当前行号 |
%(asctime)s | 打印日志的时间 |
%(thread)d | 打印线程ID |
%(threadName)s | 打印线程名称 |
%(process)d | 打印进程ID |
%(message)s | 打印日志信息 |
datefmt | 指定时间格式,同time.strftime() |
level | 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNING |
stream | 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略 |
3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
#-*- coding;utf-8
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')
#################################################################################################
#定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
root : INFO This is info message
root : WARNING This is warning message
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
4.logging之日志回滚
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
#定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
logging的几种handle方式如下:
logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件
日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler: 远程输出日志到UDP sockets
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler: 远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过”GET”或”POST”远程输出到HTTP服务器
由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中。
5.通过logging.config模块配置日志
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
上例3:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")
logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')
上例4:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")
logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')