用Bitmap加载图片资源时，报错java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget的解决办法

http://blog.csdn.net/jason_wks/article/details/7454823

android系统限制，只给图片分配8兆的内存，超过就崩，你图片几十KB，可能是压缩格式的，转换成bitmap就是本来的大小。

在使用模拟器时，出现以上错误，怎么办呢?

1.方法一：增大限制：在设置VM的时候，在Hardware选项中，有一项Max VM application heap size,将该项的值增大（默认值是24，可以增到60等等）

2.方法二：压缩图片，并及时回收不再使用的Bitmap

BitmapFactory.Options.inSampleSize

设置恰当的inSampleSize可以使BitmapFactory分配更少的空间以消除该错误。inSampleSize的具体含义请参考SDK文档。例如：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options(); 
2. opts.inSampleSize =  4 ; 
3. Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts); 

BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options();
opts.inSampleSize =  4 ;
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts);

如何设置恰当的inSampleSize

设置恰当的inSampleSize是解决该问题的关键之一。BitmapFactory.Options提供了另一个成员inJustDecodeBounds。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options(); 
2. opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  true ; 
3. Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts); 

BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options();
opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  true ;
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts);

设置inJustDecodeBounds为true后，decodeFile并不分配空间，但可计算出原始图片的长度和宽度，即opts.width和opts.height。有了这两个参数，再通过一定的算法，即可得到一个恰当的inSampleSize。

查看Android源码，Android提供了一种动态计算的方法。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, 
2.             int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) { 
3.         int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength, 
4.                 maxNumOfPixels); 
5.         int roundedSize; 
6.         if (initialSize <= 8) { 
7.             roundedSize = 1; 
8.             while (roundedSize < initialSize) { 
9.                 roundedSize <<= 1; 
10.             } 
11.         } else { 
12.             roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8; 
13.         } 
14.         return roundedSize; 
15.     } 
16.  
17.     private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, 
18.             int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) { 
19.         double w = options.outWidth; 
20.         double h = options.outHeight; 
21.         int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 : (int) Math.ceil(Math 
22.                 .sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels)); 
23.         int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min( 
24.                 Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength)); 
25.         if (upperBound < lowerBound) { 
26.             // return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone. 
27.             return lowerBound; 
28.         } 
29.         if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) { 
30.             return 1; 
31.         } else if (minSideLength == -1) { 
32.             return lowerBound; 
33.         } else { 
34.             return upperBound; 
35.         } 
36.     } 

public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
			int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
		int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength,
				maxNumOfPixels);
		int roundedSize;
		if (initialSize <= 8) {
			roundedSize = 1;
			while (roundedSize < initialSize) {
				roundedSize <<= 1;
			}
		} else {
			roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;
		}
		return roundedSize;
	}

	private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
			int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
		double w = options.outWidth;
		double h = options.outHeight;
		int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 : (int) Math.ceil(Math
				.sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));
		int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min(
				Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength));
		if (upperBound < lowerBound) {
			// return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone.
			return lowerBound;
		}
		if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) {
			return 1;
		} else if (minSideLength == -1) {
			return lowerBound;
		} else {
			return upperBound;
		}
	}

使用该算法，就可动态计算出图片的inSampleSize。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options(); 
2.     opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  true ; 
3.     BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts); 
4.       
5.     opts.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(opts, - 1 ,  128 * 128 );        
6.     opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  false ; 
7.     try  { 
8.          Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts); 
9.          imageView.setImageBitmap(bmp); 
10.     }  catch  (OutOfMemoryError err) { 
11.     } 

BitmapFactory.Options opts =  new  BitmapFactory.Options();
	opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  true ;
	BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts);
	 
	opts.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(opts, - 1 ,  128 * 128 );       
	opts.inJustDecodeBounds =  false ;
	try  {
	     Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts);
	     imageView.setImageBitmap(bmp);
	}  catch  (OutOfMemoryError err) {
	}

另外，可以通过Bitmap.recycle()方法来释放位图所占的空间，当然前提是位图没有被使用。