- ftp 命令用于互连网络上本地与远程主机间传送文件。
- ftp 有两种使用方式：带 host 参数，则立即建立本地与远程指定主机的实际连接；
不带 host 参数，则进入 ftp 命令方式，然后可用命令再去建立连接。
- ftp 直接连接方式
- ftp 命令方式
- ftp 命令表
ftp 直接连接方式
格式： $ ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] host
解释： ftp 命令带 hosts 参数，是直接连接方式，允许用户立即与命令行中指出
的主机建立连接。其中 host 是远程主机名或实际地址。主机建立连接后，
ftp 提示用户输入用户名和口令，注册成功与否都有返回信息。然后显示
提示符 ftp> ，等待输入命令。选项含义如下：
-v 显示来自远程服务器的全部响应及数据传送的统计报告。即 Verbose
方式处于 on 状态。
-v 允许诊断。
-i 在多文件传输时不允许交互提示功能起作用。
-n 在与远程主机建立连接时，关闭自动注册。
-g 表示不允许文件名全局化。
连接实例：
$ftp www.wz.zj.cninfo.net
Connectde to 3wwz.zj.cn.cninfo.net.
220 www.wz.zj.cninfo.net FTP server (Version wu-2.4(3) Thu Apr 23 12:31:47 CDT 1
998) ready.
User (3wwz.zj.cn.cninfo.net:(none)): corner
Password:
230 User corner logged in.
ftp> command （command 见下表命令一栏）
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye
ftp 命令方式
格式： $ ftp
ftp> command
解释： ftp 不带 hosts 参数时进入命令方式，此时提示符是 ftp> 。command 见
下表命令一栏。
连接实例：
$ftp
ftp> open www.wz.zj.cninfo.net
Connectde to 3wwz.zj.cn.cninfo.net.
220 www.wz.zj.cninfo.net FTP server (Version wu-2.4(3) Thu Apr 23 12:31:47 CDT 1
998) ready.
User (3wwz.zj.cn.cninfo.net:(none)): corner
Password:
230 User corner logged in.
ftp> command （command 见下表命令一栏）
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye
| UNIX 下 SCO TCP/IP ftp 命令表 | ||
| 序号 | 命 令 | 功 能 |
| 1 | ! | 执行本地 shell 命令 |
| 2 | $ | 执行宏功能 |
| 3 | account | 发送帐号口令到远程服务器 |
| 4 | append | 附加到文件中 |
| 5 | ascii | 设置 ASCII 码传输类型 |
| 6 | bell | 命令完成时响铃 |
| 7 | binaey | 设置二进制码传输类型 |
| 8 | bye | 结束并退出 ftp |
| 9 | case | 触发远程文件名大小写变化功能 |
| 10 | cd | 改变远程工作目录 |
| 11 | cdup | 把远程工作目录改为其父目录 |
| 12 | close | 结束 ftp |
| 13 | cr | 触发回车换行功能 |
| 14 | delete | 删除远程文件 |
| 15 | debug | 触发调试方式 |
| 16 | dir | 列远程目录 |
| 17 | disconnect | 结束 ftp |
| 18 | form | 设置文件传输格式 |
| 19 | get | 取文件 |
| 20 | glob | 触发本地文件名元字母扩展功能 |
| 21 | hash | 为每个传输缓区触发#号打印功能 |
| 22 | help | 显示求助信息 |
| 23 | lcd | 改变本地工作目录 |
| 24 | ls | 列远程工作目录内容 |
| 25 | macdef | 定义宏功能 |
| 26 | mdelete | 删除远程主机上的多个文件 |
| 27 | mdir | 列多个远程目录的内容 |
| 28 | mget | 取多个文件 |
| 29 | mkdir | 在远程主机上建新目录 |
| 30 | mls | 列多个远程目录的内容 |
| 31 | mode | 设置文件传输方式 |
| 32 | mput | 发送多个文件 |
| 33 | nmap | 设置或取消文件名映射机制 |
| 34 | ntrans | 设置或取消文件名字符变换机制 |
| 35 | open | 连接远程主机 |
| 36 | prompt | 触发交互提示功能 |
| 37 | proxy | 在辅助控制连接上执行一条 ftp 命令 |
| 38 | put | 发送一个文件 |
| 39 | pwd | 显示远程机器上的工作目录 |
| 40 | quit | 结束并退出 ftp |
| 41 | quote | 发送任意 ftp 命令 |
| 42 | recv | 取文件 |
| 43 | remotehelp | 取远程主机的求助信息 |
| 44 | rename | 重新命名远程文件 |
| 45 | reset | 清除应答队列 |
| 46 | rmdir | 删除远程主机的一个目录 |
| 47 | runique | 触发用本地唯一文件名存储功能 |
| 48 | send | 发送一个文件 |
| 49 | sendport | 为每个数据连接触发使用 PORT |
| 50 | status | 显示当前状态 |
| 51 | struct | 设置文件传输结构 |
| 52 | sunique | 触发远程唯一主机文件存储功能 |
| 53 | tenex | 设置 tenex 文件传输类型 |
| 54 | trace | 触发分组跟踪功能 |
| 55 | type | 设置文件传输类型 |
| 56 | user | 发送新的用户信息 |
| 57 | verbose | 触发 verbose 方式 |
| 58 | xmkdir | 生成远程主机目录 |
| 59 | xpwd | 显示远程主机工作目录 |
| 60 | xrmdir | 删除远程主机目录 |
| 61 | ? | 显示本地 ftp 求助信息 |
| 不同的系统，上述命令可能有所差异，可用“？”获得帮助！ | ||
备注:
vsftpd reget命令支持断点续传下载,但是无法校验ftp服务器上的文件在期间是否发生过变更.
BSD General Commands Manual FTP(1)
NAME
ftp — Internet file transfer program
SYNOPSIS
ftp [-46pinegvd] [host [port]]
pftp [-46inegvd] [host [port]]
DESCRIPTION
Ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a
remote network site.
Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command interpreter.
-4 Use only IPv4 to contact any host.
-6 Use IPv6 only.
-p Use passive mode for data transfers. Allows use of ftp in environments where a firewall prevents connections from the outside
world back to the client machine. Requires that the ftp server support the PASV command. This is the default if invoked as pftp.
-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.
-n Restrains ftp from attempting “auto-login” upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc (see
netrc(5)) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ftp
will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for
a password and an account with which to login.
-e Disables command editing and history support, if it was compiled into the ftp executable. Otherwise, does nothing.
-g Disables file name globbing.
-v Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.
-d Enables debugging.
The client host and an optional port number with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done,
ftp will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter
and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt ‘ftp>’ is provided to the user. The fol‐
lowing commands are recognized by ftp:
! [command [args]]
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.
$ macro-name [args]
Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.
account [passwd]
Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully com‐
pleted. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.
append local-file [remote-file]
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in
naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for
type, format, mode, and structure.
ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type.
bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed.
binary Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer.
bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit.
case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file
names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case.
cd remote-directory
Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory.
cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory.
chmod mode file-name
Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the remote sytem to mode.
close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased.
cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to
conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds;
when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off.
qc Toggle the printing of control characters in the output of ASCII type commands. When this is turned on, control characters
are replaced with a question mark if the output file is the standard output. This is the default when the standard output
is a tty.
delete remote-file
Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.
debug [debug-value]
Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is
on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string ‘-->’
dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in
local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target
local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is
used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is -, output comes to the terminal.
disconnect A synonym for close.
form format
Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is “file”.
get remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same
name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings. The current set‐
tings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file.
glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput. If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are
taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is
expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be dif‐
ferent from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp
server, and can be previewed by doing ‘mls remote-files -’ Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory
subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode).
hash Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.
help [command]
Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known com‐
mands.
idle [seconds]
Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds seconds. If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is
printed.
ipany Allow the address resolver to return any address family.
ipv4 Restrict the address resolver to look only for IPv4 addresses.
ipv6 Restrict host adressing to IPv6 only.
lcd [directory]
Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.
ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent informa‐
tion that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command ‘ls -l’. (See
also nlist.) If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is
on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ls output. If
no local file is specified, or if local-file is ‘-’, the output is sent to the terminal.
macdef macro-name
Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file
or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total charac‐
ters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$'
and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the
macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be
looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass
it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the
`\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'.
mdelete [remote-files]
Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.
mdir remote-files local-file
Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to ver‐
ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output.
mget remote-files
Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the
filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings. Files are
transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with ‘lcd directory’; new local directories can be cre‐
ated with ‘! mkdir directory’.
mkdir directory-name
Make a directory on the remote machine.
mls remote-files local-file
Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting
is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output.
mode [mode-name]
Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default mode is “stream” mode.
modtime file-name
Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine.
mput local-files
Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting list. See glob
for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.
newer file-name [local-file]
Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the
file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer. Otherwise, this command is identical to
get.
nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current
working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is
indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is -, the output
is sent to the terminal.
nmap [inpattern outpattern]
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If
arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified
remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands
issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern.
[Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case
settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to
prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine
the nmap [inpattern] variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would
have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The
sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence `$0' is
replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence ‘[seq1, seq2]’ is replaced by [seq1] if seq1 is not a null
string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For example, the command
nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]
would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in outpattern,
as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1' . Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$','[','[',
and `,' characters.
ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character transla‐
tion mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during mput commands
and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local file‐
names are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command
is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in
a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If the character's
position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.
open host [port]
Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will
attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automat‐
ically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).
prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively
retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and any
mdelete will delete all files.
proxy ftp-command
Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote ftp
servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open, to establish the sec‐
ondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands executable on the secondary connection.
The following commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the auto-login
process, close will not erase existing macro definitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control
connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files from the host on the
secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support
of the ftp protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection.
put local-file [remote-file]
Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing
according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type,
format, mode, and structure.
pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine.
quit A synonym for bye.
quote arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server.
recv remote-file [local-file]
A synonym for get.
reget remote-file [local-file]
Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par‐
tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. If local-file
does not exist ftp won't fetch the file. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are
prone to dropping connections.
remotehelp [command-name]
Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well.
remotestatus [file-name]
With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine.
rename [from] [to]
Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.
reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resynchronization
may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server.
restart marker
Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset
into the file.
rmdir directory-name
Delete a directory on the remote machine.
runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the tar‐
get local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another exist‐
ing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and
the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local
files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off.
send local-file [remote-file]
A synonym for put.
sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for
each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT com‐
mand fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use
PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but,
incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.
site arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command.
size file-name
Return size of file-name on remote machine.
status Show the current status of ftp.
struct [struct-name]
Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. By default “stream” structure is used.
sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol STOU com‐
mand for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off.
system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine.
tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines.
trace Toggle packet tracing.
type [type-name]
Set the file transfer type to type-name. If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is net‐
work ASCII.
umask [newmask]
Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed.
user user-name [password] [account]
Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt
the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the
user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server
after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with
“auto-login” disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.
verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if ver‐
bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default,
verbose is on.
? [command]
A synonym for help.
Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks.
ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving
transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The
speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not sup‐
port the ABOR command, an ‘ftp>’ prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file.
The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the remote
server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote
server, including violations of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp program
must be killed by hand.
FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules.
1. If the file name ‘-’ is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used.
2. If the first character of the file name is ‘|’, the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. Ftp then forks a
shell, using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spa‐
ces, the argument must be quoted; e.g. “" ls -lt"”. A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: “dir more”.
3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1);
c.f. the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (.e.g. put), only the first filename generated by the
"globbing" operation is used.
4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be
altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on.
5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be
altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.
FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of “ascii”, “image” (binary),
“ebcdic”, and “local byte size” (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). Ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus
local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.
Ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mode, form, and struct.
ENVIRONMENT
Ftp utilizes the following environment variables.
HOME For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists.
SHELL For default shell.
SEE ALSO
ftpd(8), netrc(5), RFC 959
HISTORY
The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD.
BUGS
Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server.
An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in
incorrect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image
type.
Linux NetKit (0.17) August 15, 1999 Linux NetKit (0.17)
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