shell脚本编程考试及参考答案

shell脚本编程实战模拟考试题(上机)
一、考试前准备工作:
1.执行yum install httpd -y 安装httpd。
2.检查安装情况
[root@oldboy-B tmp]# rpm -qa httpd
httpd-2.2.3-45.el5.centos.1
3.启动httpd,并检查
[root@oldboy-B tmp]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
启动 httpd:[确定]
[root@oldboy-B tmp]# netstat -lnt|grep 80 #==>检查端口
tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      
[root@oldboy-B tmp]# ps -ef|grep httpd#==>检查进程
root      4041     1  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4043  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4044  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4045  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4046  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4047  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4048  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4049  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    4050  4041  0 14:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
root      4061  3793  0 14:25 pts/0    00:00:00 grep httpd

二、上机考试要求:
1.开发shell脚本/server/scripts/httpdctl,实现通过脚本httpdctl来控制apache服务的启动,停止,
  重起。启动时命令要求:httpdctl start|stop|restart
  提示:需要将httpdctl路径加到系统全局环境变量里。
参考答案:
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# pwd
/server/scripts

a.if语句实现:
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat httpdctl 
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
if [ "$1" = "start" ];then
   /etc/init.d/httpd $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
   echo "启动 httpd:[确定]"
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ];then
    /etc/init.d/httpd $1
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ];then
    /etc/init.d/httpd $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo "重起 httpd: [确定]"
else
   echo "用法: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
   exit 1
fi
提示:这个问题用case语句实现效果更佳。 本文因学生还未讲解到case.

[root@oldboy-B scripts]# echo 'export PATH=/server/scripts:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
#===>将httpdctl路径加到系统全局环境变量里。
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# source /etc/profile
#===>使httpdctl路径加到系统全局环境变量生效
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# which httpdctl 
/server/scripts/httpdctl
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl stop
停止 httpd:[确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl start
启动 httpd:[确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl restart
重起 httpd: [确定]


-------------------------------------------------------
b.把相同的路径用变量替换[脚本改进]

[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat httpdctl 
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
HTTPDPATH=/etc/init.d/httpd
if [ "$1" = "start" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
   echo "启动 httpd:[确定]"
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
   echo "重起 httpd: [确定]"
else
   echo "用法: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
   exit 1
fi
-------------------------------------------------------
c.调用系统函数functions,实现更专业友好的提示[继续脚本改进]

[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat httpdctl 
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
HTTPDPATH=/etc/init.d/httpd
if [ "$1" = "start" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
   action "启动 httpd:" /bin/true
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ];then
   $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
   action "重起 httpd:" /bin/true
else
   echo "用法: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
   exit 1
fi
提示:注意action "启动 httpd:" /bin/true的用法
   
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl stop
停止 httpd:[确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl start
启动 httpd: [确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# httpdctl restart
重起 httpd: [确定] 


-------------------------------------------------------
d.case语句实现方式

[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat httpdctl
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
HTTPDPATH=/etc/init.d/httpd
case "$1" in
  start)
        $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
        action "启动 httpd:" /bin/true
        ;;
  stop)
        $HTTPDPATH $1
        ;;
  restart)
        $HTTPDPATH $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
        action "重起 httpd:" /bin/true
        ;;
  *)
   echo "用法: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
esac

e.更专业的实现方法
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat httpdctl
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions

start() {
        daemon httpd >/dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL=$?
        action "启动 httpd:" /bin/true
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
        killproc httpd >/dev/null 2>&1
        [ $? -eq 0  ] && action "停止 httpd:" /bin/true
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
  *)
   echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
esac
exit $RETVAL

f.系统自带的才是最好的。
请less /etc/init.d/httpd
要求:请所有同学用中文注释httpd脚本每一行,不会的可以咨询老师。
##############################################################
##############################################################
2.开发shell脚本apachemon,实现通过该脚本定时(每隔5分钟)监控http服务的运行状态,如果未运行则自动
  调用httpdctl启动http服务,并发送mail通知系统管理员。
  注意:监控方法可以为端口、进程、、URL模拟访问方式,或者三种方法综合。
说明:由于截止到目前仅讲了if语句,因此,就请大家用if语句来实现。
考试时间:15分钟

[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat apachemon 
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
HTTPPRONUM=`ps -ef|grep http|grep -v grep|wc -l`
if [ $HTTPPRONUM -lt 1 ];then
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false >/tmp/httpd.log
   httpdctl restart >/dev/null 2>&1
    action "httpd is restart" /bin/true
   mail -s "`uname -n`'s httpd restarted at `(date)`" 31333741@qq.com </tmp/httpd.log
   exit 1
else
   action "httpd is running" /bin/true
   exit 0
fi
   
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# apachemon 
httpd is running [确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# pkill httpd
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# ps -ef|grep http|grep -v grep
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# apachemon 
httpd is not running [失败]
httpd is restart [确定]
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# ps -ef|grep http|grep -v grep
root      5845     1  1 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5852  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5853  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5854  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5855  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5856  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5857  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5858  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart
apache    5859  5845  0 15:59 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k restart

###脚本改进####
脚本改进测试:
[root@oldboy-B /]# echo oldboytest >/var/www/html/index.htm
[root@oldboy-B /]# wget --quiet --spider http://10.0.0.161/index.htm
[root@oldboy-B /]# echo $?
0
[root@oldboy-B /]# ll index.htm
ls: index.htm: 没有那个文件或目录


[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat apachemon1
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
#HTTPPRONUM=`ps -ef|grep http|grep -v grep|wc -l`  #=====>这个是基于http方式进行判断
wget --quiet --spider http://10.0.0.161/index.htm  #=====>这个是基于WGET URL方式进行判断
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
   #action "httpd is not running" /bin/false #=====>正式运行,最好注释掉
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false >/tmp/httpd.log
   httpdctl restart >/dev/null 2>&1
   action "httpd is restart" /bin/true >>/tmp/httpd.log
   mail -s "`uname -n`'s httpd restarted at `(date)`" 31333741@qq.com </tmp/httpd.log
   exit 1
else
   action "httpd is running" /bin/true
   exit 0
fi

真正使用时,有些输出是不需要的就去掉
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat apachemon1
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
wget --quiet --spider http://10.0.0.161/index.htm  #=====>这个是基于WGET URL方式进行判断
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false >/tmp/httpd.log
   httpdctl restart >/dev/null 2>&1
   action "httpd is restart" /bin/true >>/tmp/httpd.log
   mail -s "`uname -n`'s httpd restarted at `(date)`" 31333741@qq.com </tmp/httpd.log
   exit 1
fi
提示:请同学们详细总结wget命令,做为下周作业提交。


多条件判断的写法
[root@oldboy-B scripts]# cat apachemon1
#!/bin/sh
#created by oldboy 20110523
#QQ 31333741
. /etc/init.d/functions
HTTPPORTNUM=`netstat -lnt|grep 80|grep -v grep|wc -l`
HTTPPRONUM=`ps -ef|grep http|grep -v grep|wc -l`
wget --quiet --spider http://10.0.0.161/index.htm && RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -ne 0 ] || [ $HTTPPORTNUM -ne 1 ] || [ $HTTPPRONUM -lt 1 ] ;then
#if [ "$RETVAL" != "0" -o "$HTTPPORTNUM" != "1"  -o  "$HTTPPRONUM" \< "1" ] ;then
#提示:以上是两个if为多条件判断的写法,建议同学们掌握第一个。
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false
   action "httpd is not running" /bin/false >/tmp/httpd.log
   httpdctl restart >/dev/null 2>&1
    action "httpd is restart" /bin/true
   mail -s "`uname -n`'s httpd restarted at `(date)`" 31333741@qq.com </tmp/httpd.log
   exit 1
else
   action "httpd is running" /bin/true
   exit 0
fi
以上为 老男孩 给的课前考试的参考答案,欢迎大家讨论、交流,共同提高进步。
后记:shell编程能力 是衡量linux运维工程师水平的一个重要砝码,因此,必须要掌握它。。

本文出自 “老男孩linux运维” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/571066

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