基于js管理大文件上传以及断点续传

Axios的简单封装

let instance = axios.create();
instance.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8888';
instance.defaults.headers['Content-Type'] = 'multipart/form-data';
instance.defaults.transformRequest = (data, headers) => {
  const contentType = headers['Content-Type'];
  if (contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") return Qs.stringify(data);
  return data;
};
instance.interceptors.response.use(response => {
  return response.data;
});

文件上传一般是基于两种方式，FormData以及Base64

基于FormData实现文件上传

//前端代码
    // 主要展示基于ForData实现上传的核心代码
    upload_button_upload.addEventListener('click', function () {
            if (upload_button_upload.classList.contains('disable') || upload_button_upload.classList.contains('loading')) return;
            if (!_file) {
                alert('请您先选择要上传的文件~~');
                return;
            }
            changeDisable(true);
            // 把文件传递给服务器：FormData
            let formData = new FormData();
            // 根据后台需要提供的字段进行添加
            formData.append('file', _file);
            formData.append('filename', _file.name);
            instance.post('/upload_single', formData).then(data => {
                if (+data.code === 0) {
                    alert(`文件已经上传成功~~,您可以基于 ${data.servicePath} 访问这个资源~~`);
                    return;
                }
                return Promise.reject(data.codeText);
            }).catch(reason => {
                alert('文件上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
            }).finally(() => {
                clearHandle();
                changeDisable(false);
            });
        });

基于BASE64实现文件上传

export changeBASE64(file) => {
 return new Promise(resolve => {
  let fileReader = new FileReader();
  fileReader.readAsDataURL(file);
  fileReader.onload = ev => {
      resolve(ev.target.result);
  };
});
};

upload_inp.addEventListener('change', async function () {
      let file = upload_inp.files[0],
          BASE64,
          data;
      if (!file) return;
      if (file.size > 2 * 1024 * 1024) {
          alert('上传的文件不能超过2MB~~');
          return;
      }
      upload_button_select.classList.add('loading');
      // 获取Base64
      BASE64 = await changeBASE64(file);
      try {
          data = await instance.post('/upload_single_base64', {
          // encodeURIComponent(BASE64) 防止传输过程中特殊字符乱码，同时后端需要用decodeURIComponent进行解码
              file: encodeURIComponent(BASE64),
              filename: file.name
          }, {
              headers: {
                  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
              }
          });
          if (+data.code === 0) {
              alert(`恭喜您，文件上传成功，您可以基于 ${data.servicePath} 地址去访问~~`);
              return;
          }
          throw data.codeText;
      } catch (err) {
          alert('很遗憾，文件上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
      } finally {
          upload_button_select.classList.remove('loading');
      }

封装读取文件流的方法

const changeBuffer = file => {
  return new Promise(resolve => {
      let fileReader = new FileReader();
      fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(file);
      fileReader.onload = ev => {
          let buffer = ev.target.result,
              spark = new SparkMD5.ArrayBuffer(),
              HASH,
              suffix;
          spark.append(buffer);
          // 得到文件名
          HASH = spark.end();
          // 获取后缀名
          suffix = /\.([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$/.exec(file.name)[1];
          resolve({
              buffer,
              HASH,
              suffix,
              filename: `${HASH}.${suffix}`
          });
      };
  });
};

上传服务器相关代码

upload_button_upload.addEventListener('click', async function () {
      if (checkIsDisable(this)) return;
      if (!_file) {
          alert('请您先选择要上传的文件~~');
          return;
      }
      changeDisable(true);
      // 生成文件的HASH名字
      let {
          filename
      } = await changeBuffer(_file);
      let formData = new FormData();
      formData.append('file', _file);
      formData.append('filename', filename);
      instance.post('/upload_single_name', formData).then(data => {
          if (+data.code === 0) {
              alert(`文件已经上传成功~~,您可以基于 ${data.servicePath} 访问这个资源~~`);
              return;
          }
          return Promise.reject(data.codeText);
      }).catch(reason => {
          alert('文件上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
      }).finally(() => {
          changeDisable(false);
          upload_abbre.style.display = 'none';
          upload_abbre_img.src = '';
          _file = null;
      });
  });

具体实现

(function () {
  let upload = document.querySelector('#upload4'),
      upload_inp = upload.querySelector('.upload_inp'),
      upload_button_select = upload.querySelector('.upload_button.select'),
      upload_progress = upload.querySelector('.upload_progress'),
      upload_progress_value = upload_progress.querySelector('.value');

  // 验证是否处于可操作性状态
  const checkIsDisable = element => {
      let classList = element.classList;
      return classList.contains('disable') || classList.contains('loading');
  };

  upload_inp.addEventListener('change', async function () {
      let file = upload_inp.files[0],
          data;
      if (!file) return;
      upload_button_select.classList.add('loading');
      try {
          let formData = new FormData();
          formData.append('file', file);
          formData.append('filename', file.name);
          data = await instance.post('/upload_single', formData, {
              // 文件上传中的回调函数 xhr.upload.onprogress
              onUploadProgress(ev) {
                  let {
                      loaded,
                      total
                  } = ev;
                  upload_progress.style.display = 'block';
                  upload_progress_value.style.width = `${loaded/total*100}%`;
              }
          });
          if (+data.code === 0) {
              upload_progress_value.style.width = `100%`;
              alert(`恭喜您，文件上传成功，您可以基于 ${data.servicePath} 访问该文件~~`);
              return;
          }
          throw data.codeText;
      } catch (err) {
          alert('很遗憾，文件上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
      } finally {
          upload_button_select.classList.remove('loading');
          upload_progress.style.display = 'none';
          upload_progress_value.style.width = `0%`;
      }
  });

  upload_button_select.addEventListener('click', function () {
      if (checkIsDisable(this)) return;
      upload_inp.click();
  });
})();

大文件上传

大文件上传一般采用切片上传的方式，这样可以提高文件上传的速度，前端拿到文件流后进行切片，然后与后端进行通讯传输，一般还会结合断点继传，这时后端一般提供三个接口，第一个接口获取已经上传的切片信息，第二个接口将前端切片文件进行传输，第三个接口是将所有切片上传完成后告诉后端进行文件合并

进行切片，切片的方式分为固定数量以及固定大小，我们这里两者结合一下

// 实现文件切片处理 「固定数量 & 固定大小」
let max = 1024 * 100,
  count = Math.ceil(file.size / max),
  index = 0,
  chunks = [];
if (count > 100) {
  max = file.size / 100;
  count = 100;
}
while (index < count) {
  chunks.push({
  // file文件本身就具有slice方法，见下图
      file: file.slice(index * max, (index + 1) * max),
      filename: `${HASH}_${index+1}.${suffix}`
  });
  index++;
}

发送至服务端

chunks.forEach(chunk => {
  let fm = new FormData;
  fm.append('file', chunk.file);
  fm.append('filename', chunk.filename);
  instance.post('/upload_chunk', fm).then(data => {
      if (+data.code === 0) {
          complate();
          return;
      }
      return Promise.reject(data.codeText);
  }).catch(() => {
      alert('当前切片上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
      clear();
  });
 });

文件上传 + 断电续传 + 进度管控

upload_inp.addEventListener('change', async function () {
      let file = upload_inp.files[0];
      if (!file) return;
      upload_button_select.classList.add('loading');
      upload_progress.style.display = 'block';

      // 获取文件的HASH
      let already = [],
          data = null,
          {
              HASH,
              suffix
          } = await changeBuffer(file);

      // 获取已经上传的切片信息
      try {
          data = await instance.get('/upload_already', {
              params: {
                  HASH
              }
          });
          if (+data.code === 0) {
              already = data.fileList;
          }
      } catch (err) {}

      // 实现文件切片处理 「固定数量 & 固定大小」
      let max = 1024 * 100,
          count = Math.ceil(file.size / max),
          index = 0,
          chunks = [];
      if (count > 100) {
          max = file.size / 100;
          count = 100;
      }
      while (index < count) {
          chunks.push({
              file: file.slice(index * max, (index + 1) * max),
              filename: `${HASH}_${index+1}.${suffix}`
          });
          index++;
      }

      // 上传成功的处理
      index = 0;
      const clear = () => {
          upload_button_select.classList.remove('loading');
          upload_progress.style.display = 'none';
          upload_progress_value.style.width = '0%';
      };
      const complate = async () => {
          // 管控进度条
          index++;
          upload_progress_value.style.width = `${index/count*100}%`;

          // 当所有切片都上传成功，我们合并切片
          if (index < count) return;
          upload_progress_value.style.width = `100%`;
          try {
              data = await instance.post('/upload_merge', {
                  HASH,
                  count
              }, {
                  headers: {
                      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                  }
              });
              if (+data.code === 0) {
                  alert(`恭喜您，文件上传成功，您可以基于 ${data.servicePath} 访问该文件~~`);
                  clear();
                  return;
              }
              throw data.codeText;
          } catch (err) {
              alert('切片合并失败，请您稍后再试~~');
              clear();
          }
      };

      // 把每一个切片都上传到服务器上
      chunks.forEach(chunk => {
          // 已经上传的无需在上传
          if (already.length > 0 && already.includes(chunk.filename)) {
              complate();
              return;
          }
          let fm = new FormData;
          fm.append('file', chunk.file);
          fm.append('filename', chunk.filename);
          instance.post('/upload_chunk', fm).then(data => {
              if (+data.code === 0) {
                  complate();
                  return;
              }
              return Promise.reject(data.codeText);
          }).catch(() => {
              alert('当前切片上传失败，请您稍后再试~~');
              clear();
          });
      });
  });

服务端代码(大文件上传+断点续传)

// 大文件切片上传 & 合并切片
    const merge = function merge(HASH, count) {
        return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
            let path = `${uploadDir}/${HASH}`,
                fileList = [],
                suffix,
                isExists;
            isExists = await exists(path);
            if (!isExists) {
                reject('HASH path is not found!');
                return;
            }
            fileList = fs.readdirSync(path);
            if (fileList.length < count) {
                reject('the slice has not been uploaded!');
                return;
            }
            fileList.sort((a, b) => {
                let reg = /_(\d+)/;
                return reg.exec(a)[1] - reg.exec(b)[1];
            }).forEach(item => {
                !suffix ? suffix = /\.([0-9a-zA-Z]+)$/.exec(item)[1] : null;
                fs.appendFileSync(`${uploadDir}/${HASH}.${suffix}`, fs.readFileSync(`${path}/${item}`));
                fs.unlinkSync(`${path}/${item}`);
            });
            fs.rmdirSync(path);
            resolve({
                path: `${uploadDir}/${HASH}.${suffix}`,
                filename: `${HASH}.${suffix}`
            });
        });
    };
    app.post('/upload_chunk', async (req, res) => {
        try {
            let {
                fields,
                files
            } = await multiparty_upload(req);
            let file = (files.file && files.file[0]) || {},
                filename = (fields.filename && fields.filename[0]) || "",
                path = '',
                isExists = false;
            // 创建存放切片的临时目录
            let [, HASH] = /^([^_]+)_(\d+)/.exec(filename);
            path = `${uploadDir}/${HASH}`;
            !fs.existsSync(path) ? fs.mkdirSync(path) : null;
            // 把切片存储到临时目录中
            path = `${uploadDir}/${HASH}/${filename}`;
            isExists = await exists(path);
            if (isExists) {
                res.send({
                    code: 0,
                    codeText: 'file is exists',
                    originalFilename: filename,
                    servicePath: path.replace(__dirname, HOSTNAME)
                });
                return;
            }
            writeFile(res, path, file, filename, true);
        } catch (err) {
            res.send({
                code: 1,
                codeText: err
            });
        }
    });
    app.post('/upload_merge', async (req, res) => {
        let {
            HASH,
            count
        } = req.body;
        try {
            let {
                filename,
                path
            } = await merge(HASH, count);
            res.send({
                code: 0,
                codeText: 'merge success',
                originalFilename: filename,
                servicePath: path.replace(__dirname, HOSTNAME)
            });
        } catch (err) {
            res.send({
                code: 1,
                codeText: err
            });
        }
    });
    app.get('/upload_already', async (req, res) => {
        let {
            HASH
        } = req.query;
        let path = `${uploadDir}/${HASH}`,
            fileList = [];
        try {
            fileList = fs.readdirSync(path);
            fileList = fileList.sort((a, b) => {
                let reg = /_(\d+)/;
                return reg.exec(a)[1] - reg.exec(b)[1];
            });
            res.send({
                code: 0,
                codeText: '',
                fileList: fileList
            });
        } catch (err) {
            res.send({
                code: 0,
                codeText: '',
                fileList: fileList
            });
        }
    });