通过curl访问k8s集群获取证书或token的方式

K8S安全控制框架主要由下面3个阶段进行控制，每一个阶段都支持插件方式，通过API Server配置来启用插件。
1. Authentication（认证）
2. Authorization（授权）
3. Admission Control（准入控制）

客户端（kubectl或curl等）要想访问K8s集群API Server，一般需要证书、Token或者用户名+密码。如果Pod访问，需要ServiceAccount。
认证（Authentication）
三种客户端身份认证：
HTTPS 证书认证：基于CA证书签名的数字证书认证
HTTP Token认证：通过一个Token来识别用户
HTTP Base认证：用户名+密码的方式认证

鉴权（Authentication）
RBAC（Role-Based Access Control，基于角色的访问控制）：负责完成授权（Authorization）工作。 RBAC根据API请求属性，决定允许还是拒绝。
比较常见的授权维度：
• user：用户名
• group：用户分组
• 资源，例如pod、deployment
• 资源操作方法：get，list，create，update，patch，watch，delete
• 命名空间
• API组

基于角色的权限访问控制：RBAC
RBAC（Role-Based Access Control，基于角色的访问控 制），允许通过Kubernetes API动态配置策略。
角色
• Role：授权特定命名空间的访问权限
• ClusterRole：授权 所有命名空间 的访问权限
角色绑定
• RoleBinding：将角色绑定到主体（即subject）
• ClusterRoleBinding：将 集群角色绑定到主体
主体（subject）
• User：用户
• Group：用户组
• ServiceAccount：服务账号

Kubernetes RBAC 为指定用户授权访问不同命名空间权限_k8s dashbord 用户授权-CSDN博客

第一种：客户端访问

证书

1）ca根证书

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# grep certificate-auth ~/.kube/config  | cut -d " " -f 6 |base64 -d>ca.pem

2）client-cert

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# grep client-cert ~/.kube/config  | cut -d " " -f 6 | base64 -d>client-cert.cert

3）client-key

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# grep client-key-data ~/.kube/config  | cut -d " " -f 6 |base64 -d>client-key.key

4）然后访问集群：

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# curl -k  --cert ./client-cert.cert --key ./client-key.key   https://rancher.jettech.cn

5）访问某个节点的监控接口：

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# netstat -atunpl |grep kubelet
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10248         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:42873         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36198         127.0.0.1:6443          ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36179         127.0.0.1:6443          ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36206         127.0.0.1:6443          ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36202         127.0.0.1:6443          ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36204         127.0.0.1:6443          ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
tcp6       0      0 :::10250                :::*                    LISTEN      4014/kubelet        
tcp6       0      0 172.16.10.59:10250      10.42.14.65:56272       ESTABLISHED 4014/kubelet        
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# curl -k  --cert ./client-cert.cert --key ./client-key.key   https://localhost:10250/metrics

 或用用集群cluster-admin这个角色，这个角色权限最大，找到这个角色用的用户然后根据用户找到token即可

1）看系统集群角色信息

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl describe clusterrole cluster-admin 
Name:         cluster-admin
Labels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----
  *.*        []                 []              [*]
             [*]                []              [*]
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 

2）找到绑定角色的用户（serviceaccount），namesapce

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get clusterrolebinding  |grep admin
cattle-admin-binding                                   ClusterRole/cattle-admin                                           23h
cluster-admin                                          ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          23h
globaladmin-user-l5ffv                                 ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          23h
job-deployer                                           ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          23h
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl describe clusterrolebinding  cattle-admin-binding
Name:         cattle-admin-binding
Labels:       cattle.io/creator=norman
Annotations:  <none>
Role:
  Kind:  ClusterRole
  Name:  cattle-admin
Subjects:
  Kind            Name    Namespace
  ----            ----    ---------
  ServiceAccount  cattle  cattle-system

3）通过用户seviceaccount找到secret信息，namespace

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl describe ServiceAccount cattle -n cattle-system
Name:                cattle
Namespace:           cattle-system
Labels:              <none>
Annotations:         <none>
Image pull secrets:  <none>
Mountable secrets:   cattle-token-tb7xx
Tokens:              cattle-token-tb7xx
Events:              <none>

4)通过secret找到token信息

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl describe secrets cattle-token-tb7xx -n cattle-system
Name:         cattle-token-tb7xx
Namespace:    cattle-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  field.cattle.io/projectId: c-wpz72:p-wkqpb
              kubernetes.io/service-account.name: cattle
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: f2acfe4e-0699-4a1a-a8ff-f97a82ce8a0e

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1058 bytes
namespace:  13 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ijg2aUk3TVVuM1V2cnZ2bHAweTVvOUFUaGp0SEhTUjVZa1RrMmZEaTAwakUifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJjYXR0bGUtc3lzdGVtIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImNhdHRsZS10b2tlbi10Yjd4eCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJjYXR0bGUiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJmMmFjZmU0ZS0wNjk5LTRhMWEtYThmZi1mOTdhODJjZThhMGUiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6Y2F0dGxlLXN5c3RlbTpjYXR0bGUifQ.GY3FWEQKi73HXfOEALGQrGGRB_mOPgVLf5pIIYo1Xsn6_98O5qaw9Gkx-_Yz_LCQcSw7VwxXGyryvY9PbWHhW4pwwKqcpnygrwgE3trXDdzna36rc6SCTGLBIteNgBkK0vtHWxRIau5l6aFKCMmuYoR3kAvziY9pFUpdNyqvnrSvge6MDOILcj0jn4nUbGZkFBzDEXFiotNmAWXiMLUKcS-81UedjKDFUIChLyL6FyCsDkcgqHuk52SjzQ75sWJFEd6x_NX2yQwpWXzvebNd5CfIN7fujUYL2fZ_Cx7dmihqaA2N_MMBXsuPU_DMWM2-NivtaKa8x10-OlHJtpdQwg





[root@k8s-node02 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl get  secrets cattle-token-tb7xx -n cattle-system -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d)
或
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# TOKEN=(kubectl describe secrets cattle-token-tb7xx -n cattle-system |grep "token:" |awk '{print $2}')

5)访问：

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# curl https://172.16.10.59:10250/metrics/cadvisor -k -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# curl https://172.16.10.59:10250/metrics -k -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"

 

上面是用线程的用户和角色权限，也可以自定定义权限，角色，用户信息

下面就可以

第二种：pod访问

创建k8s的用户，用户分为普通用户和serviceAccount用户

useraccount：外部用户

serviceAccount：内部集群资源直接访问的用户

1.serviceAccount用户的创建：

1.1）创建一个namespace

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl create namespace wubo

1.2）创建serviceaccount 会自动创建一个secret资源

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: wubo-service-account
  namespace: wubo

查看serviceaccount 

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get sa -n wubo wubo-service-account -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-22T04:35:54Z"
  name: wubo-service-account
  namespace: wubo
  resourceVersion: "14544"
  uid: 3db644bc-2f2a-4183-a0f2-c8178d288bde
secrets:
- name: wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4

 查看secret

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get secrets -n wubo wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4 -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  ca.crt: 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
  namespace: d3Vibw==
  token: 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
kind: Secret
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: wubo-service-account
    kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 3db644bc-2f2a-4183-a0f2-c8178d288bde
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-22T04:35:54Z"
  managedFields:
  - apiVersion: v1
    fieldsType: FieldsV1
    fieldsV1:
      f:data:
        .: {}
        f:ca.crt: {}
        f:namespace: {}
        f:token: {}
      f:metadata:
        f:annotations:
          .: {}
          f:kubernetes.io/service-account.name: {}
          f:kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: {}
      f:type: {}
    manager: kube-controller-manager
    operation: Update
    time: "2024-01-22T04:35:54Z"
  name: wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4
  namespace: wubo
  resourceVersion: "14543"
  uid: 70ae3e2a-1b91-498d-9bc8-56c8522d42b1
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

 此时就可以获取token了和ca.crt

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get secret  -n wubo wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4 -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d

 namespace：

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get secret  -n wubo wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4 -o jsonpath={.data.namespace} |base64  -d

ca.crt

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubectl get secret  -n wubo wubo-service-account-token-2vxk4 -o jsonpath={.data.ca\\.crt} |base64  -d

 1.3)创建全局的资源权限ClusterRole是全局的，不分namespace

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: wubo-cluster-role
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - '*'
  #- ["pods","pods/log","pods/exec", "pods/attach", "pods/status","services","nodes/metrics","nodes/stats","nodes/proxy",]
  verbs:
  #- ["get", "watch", "list", "create", "update", "patch", "delete","exec"]
  - '*'

1.4）创建绑定  用户和集群角色绑定

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: wubo-cluster-role-binding
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: wubo-cluster-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: wubo-service-account
  namespace: wubo

all文件： 

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# cat auth.yaml 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: wubo-cluster-role
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - '*'
  #- ["pods","pods/log","pods/exec", "pods/attach", "pods/status","services","nodes/metrics","nodes/stats","nodes/proxy",]
  verbs:
  #- ["get", "watch", "list", "create", "update", "patch", "delete","exec"]
  - '*'
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: wubo-service-account
  namespace: wubo
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: wubo-cluster-role-binding
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: wubo-cluster-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: wubo-service-account
  namespace: wubo