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http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/222084
Java线程:新特征-锁(上)
在Java5中,专门提供了锁对象,利用锁可以方便的实现资源的封锁,用来控制对竞争资源并发访问的控制,这些内容主要集中在java.util.concurrent.locks 包下面,里面有三个重要的接口Condition、Lock、ReadWriteLock。
有关锁的介绍,API文档解说很多,看得很烦,还是看个例子再看文档比较容易理解。
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Java线程:锁
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount( "95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个锁对象
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
User u1 = new User( "张三", myCount, -4000, lock);
User u2 = new User( "张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock);
User u3 = new User( "张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock);
User u4 = new User( "张三", myCount, 800, lock);
//在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
pool.execute(u1);
pool.execute(u2);
pool.execute(u3);
pool.execute(u4);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡的用户
*/
class User implements Runnable {
private String name; //用户名
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private Lock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, Lock myLock) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
}
public void run() {
//获取锁
myLock.lock();
//执行现金业务
System.out.println(name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println(name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放锁,否则别的线程没有机会执行了
myLock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡账户,可随意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额
MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash( int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Java线程:锁
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建并发访问的账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount( "95599200901215522", 10000);
//创建一个锁对象
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//创建一些并发访问用户,一个信用卡,存的存,取的取,好热闹啊
User u1 = new User( "张三", myCount, -4000, lock);
User u2 = new User( "张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock);
User u3 = new User( "张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock);
User u4 = new User( "张三", myCount, 800, lock);
//在线程池中执行各个用户的操作
pool.execute(u1);
pool.execute(u2);
pool.execute(u3);
pool.execute(u4);
//关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡的用户
*/
class User implements Runnable {
private String name; //用户名
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private int iocash; //操作的金额,当然有正负之分了
private Lock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, Lock myLock) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
}
public void run() {
//获取锁
myLock.lock();
//执行现金业务
System.out.println(name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println(name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功,金额为" + iocash + ",当前金额为" + myCount.getCash());
//释放锁,否则别的线程没有机会执行了
myLock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡账户,可随意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额
MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash( int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}
张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}账户,金额为-4000,当前金额为10000
张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功,金额为-4000,当前金额为6000
张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户,金额为6000,当前金额为6000
张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}账户成功,金额为6000,当前金额为12000
张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}账户,金额为-8000,当前金额为12000
张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}账户成功,金额为-8000,当前金额为4000
张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}账户,金额为800,当前金额为4000
张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功,金额为800,当前金额为4800
Process finished with exit code 0
张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功,金额为-4000,当前金额为6000
张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户,金额为6000,当前金额为6000
张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}账户成功,金额为6000,当前金额为12000
张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}账户,金额为-8000,当前金额为12000
张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}账户成功,金额为-8000,当前金额为4000
张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}账户,金额为800,当前金额为4000
张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功,金额为800,当前金额为4800
Process finished with exit code 0
从上面的输出可以看到,利用锁对象太方便了,比直接在某个不知情的对象上用锁清晰多了。
但一定要注意的是,在获取了锁对象后,用完后应该尽快释放锁,以便别的等待该锁的线程有机会去执行。
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