String类和对象池

<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> 我们知道得到String对象有两种办法：

<wbr><wbr><wbr> String str1="hello";</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> String str2=new String("hello");</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>这两种创建String对象的方法有什么差异吗？当然有差异，差异就在于第一种方法在对象池中拿对象，第二种方法直接生成新的对象。在JDK5.0里面，Java虚拟机在启动的时候会实例化9个对象池，这9个对象池分别用来存储8种基本类型的包装类对象和String对象。当我们在程序中直接用双引号括起来一个字符串时，JVM就到String的对象池里面去找看是否有一个值相同的对象，如果有，就拿现成的对象，如果没有就在对象池里面创建一个对象，并返回。所以我们发现下面的代码输出true：

<wbr> String str1="hello";</wbr>

<wbr> String str2="hello";</wbr>

<wbr> System.out.println(str1==str2);</wbr>

<wbr></wbr>这说明str1和str2指向同一个对象，因为它们都是在对象池中拿到的，而下面的代码输出为false:

<wbr> String str3="hello"</wbr>

<wbr> String str4=new String("hello");</wbr>

<wbr> System.out.println(str3==str4);</wbr>

因为在任何情况下，只要你去new一个String对象那都是在堆里创建了一个新的对象。

与此类似的，在JDK5.0里面8种基本类型的包装类也有这样的差异：

<wbr> Integer i1=5;//</wbr>在对象池中拿

<wbr> Integer i2 =5;//</wbr>所以i1==i2

<wbr> Integer i3=new Integer(5);//</wbr>重新创建新对象，所以i2!=i3

<wbr></wbr>

对象池的存在是为了避免频繁的创建和销毁对象而影响系统性能，那我们自己写的类是否也可以使用对象池呢？当然可以，请看以下代码：

import java.util.HashSet;

<wbr></wbr>

class Student {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> private String name;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> private int age;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> private static HashSet<Student> pool = new HashSet<Student>();// 对象池

<wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> public Student(String name, int age) {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> this.name = name;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> this.age = age;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> }

<wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> // 使用对象池来得到对象的方法

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> public static Student newInstance(String name, int age) {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> // 循环遍历对象池

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> for (Student stu : pool) {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> if (stu.name.equals(name) && stu.age == age) {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> return stu;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> }

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> }

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> // 如果找不到值相同的Student对象，则创建一个Student对象

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> // 并把它加到对象池中然后返回该对象。

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> Student stu = new Student(name, age);

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> pool.add(stu);

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> return stu;

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> }

}

<wbr></wbr>

public class MyPool {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> public static void main(String[] args) {

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> Student stu1 = Student.newInstance("zhangsan", 30);// 对象池中拿

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> Student stu2 = Student.newInstance("zhangsan", 30);// 所以stu1==stu2

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> Student stu3 = new Student("zhangsan", 30);// 重新创建，所以stu1!=stu3

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> System.out.println(stu1 == stu2);

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> System.out.println(stu1 == stu3);

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> }

}

<wbr></wbr>

在这顺便说一句：不要滥用哈希表，有一定开发经验的开发人员经常会使用hash表（hash表在JDK中的一个实现就是HashMap）来缓存一些数据，从而提高系统的运行速度。比如使用HashMap缓存一些物料信息、人员信息等基础资料，这在提高系统速度的同时也加大了系统的内存占用，特别是当缓存的资料比较多的时候。其实我们可以使用操作系统中的缓存的概念来解决这个问题，也就是给被缓存的分配一个一定大小的缓存容器，按照一定的算法淘汰不需要继续缓存的对象，这样一方面会因为进行了对象缓存而提高了系统的运行效率，同时由于缓存容器不是无限制扩大，从而也减少了系统的内存占用。现在有很多开源的缓存实现项目，比如ehcache、oscache等，这些项目都实现了FIFO、MRU等常见的缓存算法。