Nginx热升级

所谓的热升级也叫做热部署，或者平滑升级，也就是说，在不停止nginx服务的情况下，完成nginx的升级工作

但是这里有一个注意点，就是使用这种方法有一个前提，前提就是你在启动nginx时使用的是nginx二进制文件的绝对路径，而不是直接在命令行中输入"nginx"的方式启动的nginx服务，不通过绝对路径启动的方式通常是为了方便，配置了nginx相关的环境变量，如果没有通过绝对路径启动nginx，那么当你向nginx进程发送更新的信号时，nginx进程可能会无法找到新的二进制程序（由于没有找新版本的二进制程序，所以没有任何反应）

准备

这假设已经编译好了新版本的nginx的二进制文件。如下：

cd ~/nginx-1.14.2/objs/
ls -l nginx
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5789128 4月   3 16:12 nginx

备份旧nginx

cp /var/nginx/sbin/nginx /var/nginx/sbin/nginx.old

覆盖旧nginx

cp -r ~/nginx-1.14.2/objs/nginx /var/nginx/sbin/nginx

对比一下新旧nginx二进制文件：

cd /var/nginx/sbin/
 ls -l
总用量 11256
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5789128 4月   3 16:26 nginx
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5730664 4月   3 16:20 nginx.old

启用新nginx的master进程

查看旧的nginx进程情况：

ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15551  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15552  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15553  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15554  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15556  9963  0 16:52 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

向旧nginx的master进程发送USR2信号，加载新的nginx二进制文件，启动新的nginx的master进程：

kill -USR2 9412
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15551  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15552  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15553  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15554  9412  0 16:52 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15574  9412  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15575 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15576 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15577 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15578 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15580  9963  0 16:54 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

可以看到新起来的master进程是属于旧的master进程的子进程的，并且新旧的work进程都起来了。

关闭旧nginx的work进程

新的master进程起来的同时，新的work进程也启动了，这里需要优雅的退出旧work进程，即向旧的master进程发送WINCH信号退出旧的work进程：

kill -WINCH 9412
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15574  9412  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15575 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15576 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15577 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15578 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15608  9963  0 16:57 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

到这里新的work进程就已经完全替换了旧的work进程。

收尾工作

完成上面的工作，其实，新的nginx已经在正常的工作了，如果运行一段时间，出现因为nginx升级导致的错误，就需要进行回滚操作；或者，运行一段时间，没有问题，nginx旧的master进程就可以彻底退出了。

回滚——还原旧nginx的work进程

回滚方式1

# 查看进程状况
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15574  9412  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15575 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15576 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15577 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15578 15574  0 16:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15685  9963  0 17:01 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 发送USR1信号给旧的master进程，准备回滚
kill -USR1 9412
# 发送QUIT信号给新的master进程，彻底退出新的master进程
kill -QUIT 15574
# 查看进程状况
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15686  9412  0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15687  9412  0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15688  9412  0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15689  9412  0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15691  9963  0 17:01 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

回滚方式2

# 查看进程状况
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15720  9412  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15721 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15722 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15723 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15724 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15728  9963  0 17:04 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 发送HUP信号给旧的master进程，准备回滚
kill -HUP 9412
# 查看进程状况
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15720  9412  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15721 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15722 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15723 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15724 15720  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15737  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15738  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15739  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15740  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15742  9963  0 17:05 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 发送QUIT信号给新的master进程，彻底退出新的master进程
kill -QUIT 15720
# 查看进程状况
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx     9412     1  0 15:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /var/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /var/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx    15737  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15738  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15739  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    15740  9412  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     15752  9963  0 17:06 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

升级成功——彻底退出旧nginx的master进程

kill -QUIT 9412