背景
地点:长沙飞思
时间:2023/11/07~12
内容:Spring
前言
基于xml的开发模式实在是太过繁琐,于是spring又提供了基于注解的的开发模式,这个省去较为繁琐的xml配置过程。
自动配置
Spring利用依赖注入(DI),完成对IOC容器中中各个组件的依赖关系赋值;
@Resource 自动装配
@Resource(JSR250规范):可以和@Autowired一样实现自动装配功能;默认是按照组件名称进行装配的;
不支持@Primary功能,不支持@Autowired(reqiured=false);
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Resource
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
//也可以指定组件名
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Resource(name="bookDao2")
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
@Inject 自动装配
@Inject(JSR330规范):需要导入javax.inject的包,和Autowired的功能一样支持@Primary注解; 不支持required=false的功能;
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
</dependency>
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Inject
private BookDao bookDao;
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
//@Primary
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
//不加@Primary打印:BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
//加@Primary打印:BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
@Autowired
@Autowired:自动注入:
1.默认优先按照类型去容器中找对应的组件,找到就赋值;
//dao 注册到Bean的组件名称:bookDao
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Repository
public class BookDao {
//标识
private String lable = "1";
}
//service
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//controller
@Controller
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
}
//配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
}
//测试类
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
System.out.println("创建容器完成!");
String[] names = applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
//打印
mainConifgOfAutowired
bookDao
bookService
bookController
2.如果找到多个相同类型的组件,再将属性的名称作为组件的id去容器中查找;
//配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.spring.dao","com.spring.service","com.spring.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
BookService bookService = (BookService) applicationContext.getBean("bookService");
System.out.println(bookService);
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
3.@Qualifier(“beanName”):使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id,而不是使用属性名;
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
4.自动装配如果找不到组件就会报错;可以使用@Autowired(required=false);找到就装配,没有就拉倒;
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao3")
@Autowired(required = false)
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//打印
BookService(bookDao=null)
5.@Primary:让Spring进行自动装配的时候,默认使用首选的bean;也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.dao","com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.controller"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Primary //首选组件
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
return new BookDao("2");
}
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=2))
//也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字;
@Data
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
}
//再次测试打印
BookService(bookDao=BookDao(lable=1))
总结
大风起兮云飞扬,安得猛士兮守四方。