在写C/C++程序时,有时候需要用到SQLite,因此SQLite有C/C++的接口API,这篇文章就介绍在C/C++程序中来对我们的数据库进行增删改查的操作
先介绍几个C&C++ / SQLite 的接口程序:
1、sqlite3_open
sqlite3_open(const char *filename, sqlite3 **ppDb)
该接口打开一个指向SQLite数据库文件的连接,返回一个用于其他SQLite程序的数据库连接对象,如果filename参数是NULL或’:memory:’,那么sqlite3_open( )将在RAM中创建一个内存数据库,只在session的有效时间内持续。(session:一般都译成时域。在计算机专业术语中,Session是指一个终端用户与交互系统进行通信的时间间隔,通常指从注册进入系统到注销退出系统之间所经过的时间。以及如果需要的话,可能还有一定的操作空间。)如果文件名 filename 不为 NULL,那么 sqlite3_open() 将使用这个参数值尝试打开数据库文件。如果该名称的文件不存在,sqlite3_open() 将创建一个新的命名为该名称的数据库文件并打开。
2、sqlite3_exec
sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char **errmsg)
该例程提供了一个执行 SQL 命令的快捷方式,SQL 命令由 sql 参数提供,可以由多个 SQL 命令组成。在这里,第一个参数 sqlite3 是打开的数据库对象,sqlite_callback 是一个回调,data 作为其第一个参数,errmsg 将被返回用来获取程序生成的任何错误。sqlite3_exec() 程序解析并执行由 sql 参数所给的每个命令,直到字符串结束或者遇到错误为止。
3、sqlite3_close
sqlite3_close(sqlite3*)
该例程关闭之前调用 sqlite3_open() 打开的数据库连接。所有与连接相关的语句都应在连接关闭之前完成。
如果还有查询没有完成,sqlite3_close() 将返回 SQLITE_BUSY 禁止关闭的错误消息。
下面是利用上面的接口来实现我们对数据库的操作例程:
连接数据库 || 创建数据库
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
}
编译&&运行
[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ gcc create.c -lsqlite3
[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ ls
a.out create.c select.c sqlite3.h table.c test.db
[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ a.out
Opened database successfully
gcc编译的过程中必须要加 -lsqlite3 的链接,不然会报错:
[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ gcc create.c
/tmp/cciXS4IB.o: In function `main':
create.c:(.text+0x24): undefined reference to `sqlite3_open'
create.c:(.text+0x39): undefined reference to `sqlite3_errmsg'
create.c:(.text+0x92): undefined reference to `sqlite3_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
创建表
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \
"ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \
"NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \
"AGE INT NOT NULL," \
"ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \
"SALARY REAL );";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Table created successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
插入(INSERT)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Records created successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
SELECT
SELECT获得结果的回调方式声明如下
typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(
void*, /* Data provided in the 4th argument of sqlite3_exec() */
int, /* The number of columns in row */
char**, /* An array of strings representing fields in the row */
char** /* An array of strings representing column names */
);
获取 && 显示记录:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
结果:
Opened database successfully
Callback function called: ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
Callback function called: ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
Callback function called: ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
Callback function called: ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
UPDATE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create merged SQL statement */
sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1; " \
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
DELETE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create merged SQL statement */
sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2; " \
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}