实用又强大，6 款 Python 时间日期库推荐

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在使用 Python 的开发过程中，除了使用 datetime 标准库来处理时间和日期，还有许多第三方的开源库值得尝试。

1、Arrow

Arrow 是一个专门处理时间和日期的轻量级 Python 库，它提供了一种合理、智能的方式来创建、操作、格式化、转换时间和日期，并提供了一个支持许多常见构建方案的智能模块 API 。简单来说，它可以帮你以更简便的操作和更少的代码来使用日期和时间。其设计灵感主要来源于 moment.js 和 requests 。

Quick start

$ pip install arrow

>>> import arrow   >>> utc = arrow.utcnow()   >>> utc   <Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00]>   >>> utc = utc.replace(hours=-1)   >>> utc   <Arrow [2013-05-11T20:23:58.970460+00:00]>   >>> local = utc.to('US/Pacific')   >>> local   <Arrow [2013-05-11T13:23:58.970460-07:00]>   >>> arrow.get('2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00')   <Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00]>   >>> local.timestamp   1368303838   

>>> local.format()   '2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'   

>>> local.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')   '2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'   

>>> local.humanize()   'an hour ago'   

>>> local.humanize(locale='ko_kr')   '1?? ?'

2、Delorean

Delorean 提供了一个相比于 datetime 和 pytz 的更好的抽象，让你处理时间更容易。它有很多有用的处理时区的特性，标准化时区或者从一个时区改变到另外一个时区。

Quick start

from datetime import datetime   import pytz   est = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')   d = datetime.now(pytz.utc)   d = est.normalize(d.astimezone(est))   return d

3、Pendulum

原生的 datetime 足够应付基本情况，但当面对更复杂的用例时，通常会有的捉襟见肘，不那么直观。 Pendulum 在标准库的基础之上，提供了一个更简洁，更易于使用的 API ，旨在让 Python datetime 更好用。

Quick start

>>> import pendulum   >>> now_in_paris = pendulum.now('Europe/Paris')   >>> now_in_paris   '2016-07-04T00:49:58.502116+02:00'   
# Seamless timezone switching   
>>> now_in_paris.in_timezone('UTC')   '2016-07-03T22:49:58.502116+00:00'   
>>> tomorrow = pendulum.now().add(days=1)   >>> last_week = pendulum.now().subtract(weeks=1)   >>> if pendulum.now().is_weekend():   ...     print('Party!')   'Party!'   
>>> past = pendulum.now().subtract(minutes=2)   >>> past.diff_for_humans()   >>> '2 minutes ago'   
>>> delta = past - last_week   >>> delta.hours   23   
>>> delta.in_words(locale='en')   '6 days 23 hours 58 minutes'   
# Proper handling of datetime normalization   
>>> pendulum.create(2013, 3, 31, 2, 30, 0, 0, 'Europe/Paris')   '2013-03-31T03:30:00+02:00' 
# 2:30 does not exist (Skipped time)   
# Proper handling of dst transitions   
>>> just_before = pendulum.create(2013, 3, 31, 1, 59, 59, 999999, 'Europe/Paris')   '2013-03-31T01:59:59.999999+01:00'   
>>> just_before.add(microseconds=1)   '2013-03-31T03:00:00+02:00'

4、dateutil

dateutil 是 datetime 标准库的一个扩展库，几乎支持以所有字符串格式对日期进行通用解析，日期计算灵活，内部数据更新及时。

Quick start

>>> from dateutil.relativedelta import *   >>> from dateutil.easter import *   >>> from dateutil.rrule import *   >>> from dateutil.parser import *   >>> from datetime import *   >>> now = parse("Sat Oct 11 17:13:46 UTC 2003")   >>> today = now.date()   >>> year = rrule(YEARLY,dtstart=now,bymonth=8,bymonthday=13,byweekday=FR)[0].year   >>> rdelta = relativedelta(easter(year), today)   >>> print("Today is: %s" % today)   Today is: 2003-10-11   
>>> print("Year with next Aug 13th on a Friday is: %s" % year)   Year with next Aug 13th on a Friday is: 2004   
>>> print("How far is the Easter of that year: %s" % rdelta)   How far is the Easter of that year: relativedelta(months=+6)   >>> print("And the Easter of that year is: %s" % (today+rdelta))   And the Easter of that year is: 2004-04-11

5、moment

用于处理日期/时间的 Python 库，设计灵感同样是来源于 moment.js 和 requests ，设计理念源自 Times Python 模块。

Usage

import moment   from datetime import datetime   # Create a moment from a string  
 moment.date("12-18-2012")   # Create a moment with a specified strftime format   
moment.date("12-18-2012", "%m-%d-%Y")   # Moment uses the awesome dateparser library behind the scenes   
moment.date("2012-12-18")   # Create a moment with words in it   
moment.date("December 18, 2012")   # Create a moment that would normally be pretty hard to do   
moment.date("2 weeks ago")   # Create a future moment that would otherwise be really difficult  
 moment.date("2 weeks from now")   # Create a moment from the current datetime   
moment.now()   # The moment can also be UTC-based   
moment.utcnow()   # Create a moment with the UTC time zone   
moment.utc("2012-12-18")   # Create a moment from a Unix timestamp   
moment.unix(1355875153626)   # Create a moment from a Unix UTC timestamp   
moment.unix(1355875153626, utc=True)   # Return a datetime instance   
moment.date(2012, 12, 18).date   # We can do the same thing with the UTC method   
moment.utc(2012, 12, 18).date   # Create and format a moment using Moment.js semantics   
moment.now().format("YYYY-M-D")   # Create and format a moment with strftime semantics   
moment.date(2012, 12, 18).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")   # Update your moment's time zone   
moment.date(datetime(2012, 12, 18)).locale("US/Central").date   # Alter the moment's UTC time zone to a different time zone   
moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Eastern").date   # Set and update your moment's time zone. For instance, I'm on the   

# west coast, but want NYC's current time.   
moment.now().locale("US/Pacific").timezone("US/Eastern")   # In order to manipulate time zones, a locale must always be set or   # you must be using UTC.   moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Eastern").date   # You can also clone a moment, so the original stays unaltered   
now = moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Pacific")   future = now.clone().add(weeks=2)

6、When.py

提供对用户非常友好的特性来帮助执行常见的日期和时间操作。

Usage

• 来自：开源中国

• https://my.oschina.net/editorial-story/blog/1556818

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