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在NoteBooks下运行大学生收藏的40个图表大作业

简介：基于numpy、matplotlib.pyplot、pandas、seaborn、networkx。

1.海运主题

# libraries
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Data
data = np.random.normal(size=(20, 6)) + np.arange(6) / 2
 
# Proposed themes: darkgrid, whitegrid, dark, white, and ticks
 
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
sns.boxplot(data=data)
plt.title("whitegrid")
plt.show()
 

2.海生样式

# library and dataset
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
# Create data
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_axis': range(1,101), 'y_axis': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101), 'z': (np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101))*2 })
 
# plot with matplotlib
plt.plot( 'x_axis', 'y_axis', data=df, marker='o', color='mediumvioletred')
plt.show()

3.折线图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
values=np.cumsum(np.random.randn(1000,1))
 
# use the plot function
plt.plot(values)

# show the graph
plt.show()

4.线条图

# Libraries and data
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,11), 'y_values': np.random.randn(10) })

# Draw plot
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, color='skyblue')
plt.show()

# Draw line chart by modifiying transparency of the line
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, color='skyblue', alpha=0.3)

# Show plot
plt.show()

5.多线图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Data
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,11), 'y1_values': np.random.randn(10), 'y2_values': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3_values': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21) })
 
# multiple line plots
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y1_values', data=df, marker='o', markerfacecolor='blue', markersize=12, color='skyblue', linewidth=4)
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y2_values', data=df, marker='', color='olive', linewidth=2)
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y3_values', data=df, marker='', color='olive', linewidth=2, linestyle='dashed', label="toto")

# show legend
plt.legend()

# show graph
plt.show()

6.重点折线图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14) })

# Change the style of plot
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')

# set figure size
my_dpi=96
plt.figure(figsize=(480/my_dpi, 480/my_dpi), dpi=my_dpi)
 
# plot multiple lines
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color='grey', linewidth=1, alpha=0.4)

# Now re do the interesting curve, but biger with distinct color
plt.plot(df['x'], df['y5'], marker='', color='orange', linewidth=4, alpha=0.7)
 
# Change x axis limit
plt.xlim(0,12)
 
# Let's annotate the plot
num=0
for i in df.values[9][1:]:
    num+=1
    name=list(df)[num]
    if name != 'y5':
        plt.text(10.2, i, name, horizontalalignment='left', size='small', color='grey')

# And add a special annotation for the group we are interested in
plt.text(10.2, df.y5.tail(1), 'Mr Orange', horizontalalignment='left', size='small', color='orange')
 
# Add titles
plt.title("Evolution of Mr Orange vs other students", loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color='orange')
plt.xlabel("Time")
plt.ylabel("Score")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

7.意大利面条图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y9': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y10': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12) })
 
# Change the style of plot
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
 
# Create a color palette
palette = plt.get_cmap('Set1')
 
# Plot multiple lines
num=0
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    num+=1
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color=palette(num), linewidth=1, alpha=0.9, label=column)

# Add legend
plt.legend(loc=2, ncol=2)
 
# Add titles
plt.title("A (bad) Spaghetti plot", loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color='orange')
plt.xlabel("Time")
plt.ylabel("Score")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

8.分散折线图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y9': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14) })
 
# Initialize the figure style
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
 
# create a color palette
palette = plt.get_cmap('Set1')
 
# multiple line plot
num=0
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    num+=1
 
    # Find the right spot on the plot
    plt.subplot(3,3, num)
 
    # Plot the lineplot
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color=palette(num), linewidth=1.9, alpha=0.9, label=column)
 
    # Same limits for every chart
    plt.xlim(0,10)
    plt.ylim(-2,22)
 
    # Not ticks everywhere
    if num in range(7) :
        plt.tick_params(labelbottom='off')
    if num not in [1,4,7] :
        plt.tick_params(labelleft='off')
 
    # Add title
    plt.title(column, loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color=palette(num) )

# general title
plt.suptitle("How the 9 students improved\nthese past few days?", fontsize=13, fontweight=0, color='black', style='italic', y=1.02)
 
# Axis titles
plt.text(0.5, 0.02, 'Time', ha='center', va='center')
plt.text(0.06, 0.5, 'Note', ha='center', va='center', rotation='vertical')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

9.散点图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Create a dataset:
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101) })
 
# plot
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='o')
plt.show()

10.标记形状图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# dataset
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*80+range(1,101) })

# === Left figure:
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='*')
plt.show()
 
# === Right figure:
all_poss=['.','o','v','^','>','<','s','p','*','h','H','D','d','1','','']
 
# to see all possibilities:
# markers.MarkerStyle.markers.keys()
 
# set the limit of x and y axis:
plt.xlim(0.5,4.5)
plt.ylim(0.5,4.5)
 
# remove ticks and values of axis:
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
#plt.set_xlabel(size=0)
 
# Make a loop to add markers one by one
num=0
for x in range(1,5):
    for y in range(1,5):
        num += 1
        plt.plot(x,y,marker=all_poss[num-1], markerfacecolor='orange', markersize=23, markeredgecolor="black")
        plt.text(x+0.2, y, all_poss[num-1], horizontalalignment='left', size='medium', color='black', weight='semibold')

11.默认分组连接散点图

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# Set figure default figure size
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (10, 6)
# Create a random number generator for reproducibility
rng = np.random.default_rng(1111)

# Get some random points!
x = np.array(range(10))
y = rng.integers(10, 100, 10)
z = y + rng.integers(5, 20, 10)

plt.plot(x, z, linestyle="-", marker="o", label="Income")
plt.plot(x, y, linestyle="-", marker="o", label="Expenses")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

12.如何避免使用python进行过度绘图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
 
# Dataset:
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': np.random.normal(10, 1.2, 20000), 'y': np.random.normal(10, 1.2, 20000), 'group': np.repeat('A',20000) })
tmp1=pd.DataFrame({'x': np.random.normal(14.5, 1.2, 20000), 'y': np.random.normal(14.5, 1.2, 20000), 'group': np.repeat('B',20000) })
tmp2=pd.DataFrame({'x': np.random.normal(9.5, 1.5, 20000), 'y': np.random.normal(15.5, 1.5, 20000), 'group': np.repeat('C',20000) })
df=df.append(tmp1).append(tmp2)
 
# plot
plt.plot( 'x', 'y', "", data=df, linestyle='', marker='o')
plt.xlabel('Value of X')
plt.ylabel('Value of Y')
plt.title('Overplotting looks like that:', loc='left')
plt.show()

F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\1354801395.py:11: FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.
  df=df.append(tmp1).append(tmp2)
F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\1354801395.py:14: UserWarning: linestyle is redundantly defined by the 'linestyle' keyword argument and the fmt string "" (-> linestyle='-'). The keyword argument will take precedence.
  plt.plot( 'x', 'y', "", data=df, linestyle='', marker='o')

13.基本饼图

# library
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# --- dataset 1: just 4 values for 4 groups:
df = pd.DataFrame([8,8,1,2], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['x'])
 
# make the plot
df.plot(kind='pie', subplots=True, figsize=(8, 8))

# show the plot
plt.show()

14.基本甜甜圈图

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create data
size_of_groups=[12,11,3,30]
 
# Create a pie plot
plt.pie(size_of_groups)
#plt.show()
 
# add a white circle at the center
my_circle=plt.Circle( (0,0), 0.7, color='white')
p=plt.gcf()
p.gca().add_artist(my_circle)

# show the graph
plt.show()

15.自定义matplotlib圆环图

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create data
names = ['groupA', 'groupB', 'groupC', 'groupD']
size = [12,11,3,30]
 
# Create a circle at the center of the plot
my_circle = plt.Circle( (0,0), 0.7, color='white')

# Give color names
plt.pie(size, labels=names, colors=['red','green','blue','skyblue'])
p = plt.gcf()
p.gca().add_artist(my_circle)

# Show the graph
plt.show()

16.甜甜圈图的变化背景

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Data
names = 'groupA', 'groupB', 'groupC', 'groupD',
size = [12,11,3,30]
 
# create a figure and set different background
fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('black')
 
# Change color of text
plt.rcParams['text.color'] = 'white'
 
# Create a circle at the center of the plot
my_circle=plt.Circle( (0,0), 0.7, color='black')
 
# Pieplot + circle on it
plt.pie(size, labels=names)
p=plt.gcf()
p.gca().add_artist(my_circle)
plt.show()

17.带子群的圆环图

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Make data: I have 3 groups and 7 subgroups
group_names=['groupA', 'groupB', 'groupC']
group_size=[12,11,30]
subgroup_names=['A.1', 'A.2', 'A.3', 'B.1', 'B.2', 'C.1', 'C.2', 'C.3', 'C.4', 'C.5']
subgroup_size=[4,3,5,6,5,10,5,5,4,6]
 
# Create colors
a, b, c=[plt.cm.Blues, plt.cm.Reds, plt.cm.Greens]
 
# First Ring (outside)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.axis('equal')
mypie, _ = ax.pie(group_size, radius=1.3, labels=group_names, colors=[a(0.6), b(0.6), c(0.6)] )
plt.setp( mypie, width=0.3, edgecolor='white')
 
# Second Ring (Inside)
mypie2, _ = ax.pie(subgroup_size, radius=1.3-0.3, labels=subgroup_names, labeldistance=0.7, colors=[a(0.5), a(0.4), a(0.3), b(0.5), b(0.4), c(0.6), c(0.5), c(0.4), c(0.3), c(0.2)])
plt.setp( mypie2, width=0.4, edgecolor='white')
plt.margins(0,0)
 
# show it
plt.show()

18.基本棒棒糖地块

# libraries
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'values':np.random.uniform(size=20) })
 
# Reorder it based on the values:
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='values')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# Make the plot
plt.stem(ordered_df['values'])
plt.xticks( my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.show()
 
# Horizontal version
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=0, xmax=ordered_df['values'], color='skyblue')
plt.plot(ordered_df['values'], my_range, "D")
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.show()

19.定制棒棒糖地块

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
values=np.random.uniform(size=40)
 
# plot without markers
plt.stem(values, markerfmt=' ')
plt.show()
 
# change color and shape and size and edges
(markers, stemlines, baseline) = plt.stem(values)
plt.setp(markers, marker='D', markersize=10, markeredgecolor="orange", markeredgewidth=2)
plt.show()

20.垂直棒棒糖地块

# libraries
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# Create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'values':np.random.uniform(size=20) })
 
# Reorder it based on the values
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='values')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# The horizontal plot is made using the hline function
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=0, xmax=ordered_df['values'], color='skyblue')
plt.plot(ordered_df['values'], my_range, "o")
 
# Add titles and axis names
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.title("A vertical lolipop plot", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# Show the plot
plt.show()

21.高光a组

# libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'values':np.random.uniform(size=20) })
 
# Reorder it based on values:
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='values')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# Create a color if the group is "B"
my_color=np.where(ordered_df ['group']=='B', 'orange', 'skyblue')
my_size=np.where(ordered_df ['group']=='B', 70, 30)
 
# The horizontal plot is made using the hline() function
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=0, xmax=ordered_df['values'], color=my_color, alpha=0.4)
plt.scatter(ordered_df['values'], my_range, color=my_color, s=my_size, alpha=1)
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.title("What about the B group?", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# show the graph
plt.show()

22.具有2个基团的人

# libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create a dataframe
value1=np.random.uniform(size=20)
value2=value1+np.random.uniform(size=20)/4
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'value1':value1 , 'value2':value2 })
 
# Reorder it following the values of the first value:
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='value1')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# The horizontal plot is made using the hline function
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=ordered_df['value1'], xmax=ordered_df['value2'], color='grey', alpha=0.4)
plt.scatter(ordered_df['value1'], my_range, color='skyblue', alpha=1, label='value1')
plt.scatter(ordered_df['value2'], my_range, color='green', alpha=0.4 , label='value2')
plt.legend()
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.title("Comparison of the value 1 and the value 2", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variables')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

23.有条件颜色的棒棒糖图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
 
# Data
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
y = np.sin(x) + np.random.uniform(size=len(x)) - 0.2
 
# Create a color if the y axis value is equal or greater than 0
my_color = np.where(y>=0, 'orange', 'skyblue')
 
# The vertical plot is made using the vline function
plt.vlines(x=x, ymin=0, ymax=y, color=my_color, alpha=0.4)
plt.scatter(x, y, color=my_color, s=1, alpha=1)
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.title("Evolution of the value of ...", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

24.2D马赛克

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Data
x = np.random.normal(size=50000)
y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=50000)

# A histogram 2D
plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(50, 50), cmap=plt.cm.Reds)

# Add a basic title
plt.title("A 2D histogram")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\3819011720.py:10: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Auto-removal of grids by pcolor() and pcolormesh() is deprecated since 3.5 and will be removed two minor releases later; please call grid(False) first.
  plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(50, 50), cmap=plt.cm.Reds)

25.三个控制面板

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create a dataset
height = [3, 12, 5, 18, 45]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))

# Create bars with different colors
plt.bar(x_pos, height, color=['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'cyan'])

# Create names on the x-axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)

# Show graph
plt.show()

26.6条变更条文本

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create dataset
height = [2, 5, 4, 6]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars
figure = plt.bar(x_pos, height)

# Define some hatches
hatches = ['-', '/', '||', '///']

# Loop over bars and assign hatches
for bar, hatch in zip(figure, hatches):
    bar.set_hatch(hatch)

# Create names on the x-axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

27.注释matplotlib图表

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
#Data
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_pos': range(1,101), 'y_pos': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101) })

# Basic chart
plt.plot('x_pos', 'y_pos', data=df,  linestyle='none', marker='o')
 
# Annotate with text + Arrow
plt.annotate(
# Label and coordinate
'This point is interesting!', xy=(25, 50), xytext=(0, 80),
 
# Custom arrow
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))

# Show the graph
plt.show()

28.用子图形分割图形窗口

# libraries and data
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101), 'z_values': (np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101))*2 })
 
# fist line:
plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, marker='o', alpha=0.4)
plt.title("A subplot with 2 lines")
 
# second line
plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot( 'x_values','z_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='o', color="orange", alpha=0.3)

# Show the graph
plt.show()

29.seaborn-style-on-matplotlib-plot

# libraries
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# dataset
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_pos': range(1,101), 'y_pos': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101)})
 
# plot
plt.plot( 'x_pos', 'y_pos', data=df, marker='o', color='mediumvioletred')

# show the graph
plt.show()

30.带matplotlib的可用调色板

# libraries
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
x = np.random.rand(15)
y = x+np.random.rand(15)
z = x+np.random.rand(15)
z=z*z
 
# call pallette in cmap
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="BuPu", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()
 
# You can reverse it by adding "_r" to the end:
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="BuPu_r", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()

# OTHER: viridis / inferno / plasma / magma
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="plasma", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()

31.

# libraries
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Create a dataframe where the average value of the second column is higher than others:
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,10) * 4 + 3)
df[1]=df[1]+40
# If we do a heatmap, we just observe that one column has higher values than others:
sns.heatmap(df, cmap='viridis')
plt.show()

# Now if we normalize it by column:
df_norm_col=(df-df.mean())/df.std()
sns.heatmap(df_norm_col, cmap='viridis')
plt.show()

32.控制颜色热图

# libraries
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Create a dataset
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random((10,10)), columns=["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j"])

# plot using a color palette
sns.heatmap(df, cmap="YlGnBu")
plt.show()

sns.heatmap(df, cmap="Blues")
plt.show()

sns.heatmap(df, cmap="BuPu")
plt.show()

sns.heatmap(df, cmap="Greens")
plt.show()

33.自定义热图

# libraries
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Create a dataset
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random((10,10)), columns=["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j"])

# plot a heatmap with annotation
sns.heatmap(df, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 7})

<AxesSubplot:>

34.具有各种输入格式的90热图

# library
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Create a dataset
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random((5,5)), columns=["a","b","c","d","e"])
# Default heatmap: just a visualization of this square matrix
sns.heatmap(df)

<AxesSubplot:>

35.

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# create data
x = np.random.normal(size=50000)
y = (x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=50000)) * 5
# Make the plot
plt.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=(15,15) )
plt.show()
# We can control the size of the bins:
plt.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=(150,150) )
plt.show()

36.基础-2-直方图-带matplotlib

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# create data
x = np.random.normal(size=50000)
y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=50000)
# Big bins
plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(50, 50), cmap=plt.cm.jet)
plt.show()
# Small bins
plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(300, 300), cmap=plt.cm.jet)
plt.show()
# If you do not set the same values for X and Y, the bins won't be a square!
plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(300, 30), cmap=plt.cm.jet)
plt.show()

F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\68711616.py:8: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Auto-removal of grids by pcolor() and pcolormesh() is deprecated since 3.5 and will be removed two minor releases later; please call grid(False) first.
  plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(50, 50), cmap=plt.cm.jet)

F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\68711616.py:11: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Auto-removal of grids by pcolor() and pcolormesh() is deprecated since 3.5 and will be removed two minor releases later; please call grid(False) first.
  plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(300, 300), cmap=plt.cm.jet)

F:\temp\ipykernel_16212\68711616.py:14: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Auto-removal of grids by pcolor() and pcolormesh() is deprecated since 3.5 and will be removed two minor releases later; please call grid(False) first.
  plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(300, 30), cmap=plt.cm.jet)

37.基本面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create data
x=range(1,6)
y=[1,4,6,8,4]
 
# Area plot
plt.fill_between(x, y)

# Show the graph
plt.show()
 
# Note that we could also use the stackplot function
# but fill_between is more convenient for future customization.
#plt.stackplot(x,y)
#plt.show()

38.带matplotlib的sankey图

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.sankey import Sankey
 
# basic sankey chart
Sankey(flows=[0.25, 0.15, 0.60, -0.20, -0.15, -0.05, -0.50, -0.10], labels=['', '', '', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Fifth'], orientations=[-1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,-1]).finish()
plt.title("Sankey diagram with default settings")
plt.show()

39.面积图和饰面

# libraries
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create a dataset
my_count=["France","Australia","Japan","USA","Germany","Congo","China","England","Spain","Greece","Marocco","South Africa","Indonesia","Peru","Chili","Brazil"]
df = pd.DataFrame({
"country":np.repeat(my_count, 10),
"years":list(range(2000, 2010)) * 16,
"value":np.random.rand(160)
})
 
# Create a grid : initialize it
g = sns.FacetGrid(df, col='country', hue='country', col_wrap=4, )

# Add the line over the area with the plot function
g = g.map(plt.plot, 'years', 'value')
 
# Fill the area with fill_between
g = g.map(plt.fill_between, 'years', 'value', alpha=0.2).set_titles("{col_name} country")
 
# Control the title of each facet
g = g.set_titles("{col_name}")
 
# Add a title for the whole plot
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.92)
g = g.fig.suptitle('Evolution of the value of stuff in 16 countries')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

40.改进面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create data
x=range(1,15)
y=[1,4,6,8,4,5,3,2,4,1,5,6,8,7]
 
# Change the color and its transparency
plt.fill_between( x, y, color="skyblue", alpha=0.4)

# Show the graph
plt.show()
 
# Same, but add a stronger line on top (edge)
plt.fill_between( x, y, color="skyblue", alpha=0.2)
plt.plot(x, y, color="Slateblue", alpha=0.6)
# See the line plot function to learn how to customize the plt.plot function

# Show the graph
plt.show()