#### ansible roles ####
#ansible 角色简介#
* Ansible roles 是为了层次化,结构化的组织Playbook
* roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模块及处理器放置于单独的目录中,并可以便捷地include它们
* roles一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中,在企业复杂业务场景中应用的频率很高
* 以特定的层级目录结构进行组织的tasks、variables、handlers、templates、files等;相当于函数的调用把各个功能切割成片段来执行。
#roles目录结构#
files ##存放copy或script等模块调用的函数
tasks ##定义各种task,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
handlers ##定义各种handlers,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
vars ##定义variables,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
templates ##存储由template模块调用的模板文本
meta ##定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系,要有main.yml的文件 defaults ##要有main.yml的文件,用于设定默认变量
tests ##用于测试角色
#role存放的路径在配置文件ansible.cfg中定义#
roles_path = path/roles (默认目录:/etc/ansible/roles)
roles_path = ~/ansible/roles ##写入当前用户家目录
#创建目录结构#
ansible-galaxy init apache ##init 初始化
ansible-galaxy list ##列出角色
#playbook中使用roles#
playbook中使用roles:
---
- hosts: server2
roles:
- role: role1
- role: role2
var1: value1 ##此处变量会覆盖roles中的定义变量
实验: 安装vsftpd
vim ansible.cfg
///roles_path = ~/ansible/roles
mkdir roles
cd roles
ansible-galaxy init vsftpd
cd -
ansible-galaxy list
cd vsftpd
ls
cd tasks ##任务
vim main.yml
///
- name: install vsftpd
dnf:
name: vsftpd
state: latest
notify:
- restart vsftpd
- firewalld set
- name: set vsftpd
lineinfile:
path: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
regexp: "anonymous_enabled"
line: "anonymous_enabled={{ STATE }}"
notify:
- restart vdftpd
///
cd -
cd handlers ##触发器
vim main.yml
///
- name: restart vsftpd
service:
name: vsftpd
state: restarted
enabled: yes
- name: firewalld set
firewalld:
service: ftp
state: enabled
permanent: yes
immediate: yes
///
cd -
cd vars ##变量
vim main.yml
///
STATE: YES
///
cd -(ansible)
vim vsftpd.yml
///
---
- name: install vsftpd server
hosts: all
roles:
- role: vsdtpd ##此处需要和ansible-galaxy init vsftpd相同
///
ansible-playbook vsftpd.yml
tips:
ctrl_v
I
插入内容
esc
enter
安装apache,访问主机为westos.westos.org(westos.westos.org),linux.westos.org(linux.westos.org),www.westos.org(www.westos.org)
cd roles
ansible-galaxy init vsftpd
cd -
ansible-galaxy list
cd roles/apache/vars
vim main.yml
///
WEBS:
- docroot: /var/www/html
index: www.westos.org
- docroot: /var/www/vhosts/westos.org/westos
name: westos.westos.org
index: westos.westos.org
- docroot: /var/www/vhosts/westos.org/linux
name: linux.wesots.org
index: linux.westos.org
///
cd roles/apache/templates
vim vhosts.conf.j2
///
{%for vhost in WEBS%}
{%if vhost['name'] is not defined %}
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
{%endif%}
{%if vhost['name'] is defined %}
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName {{vhost['name']}}
{%endif%}
DocumentRoot {{vhost['docroot']}}
</VirtualHost>
{%endfor%}
///
cd roles/apache/tasks
vim main.yml
///
- name: install httpd
dnf:
name: httpd
state: latest
notify:
- restart apache
- firewalld
- name: create documentroot
file:
path: "{{ item.docroot}}"
state: directory
loop:
"{{WEBS}}"
- name: create index.html
copy:
dest: "{{ item.docroot }}/index.html"
content: "{{ item.index }}"
loop:
"{{WEBS}}"
- name: set vhosts
template:
src: vhosts.conf.j2
dest: /mnt/vhosts.conf
notify: restart apache
///
cd roles/apache/handlers
vim main.yml
///
- name: restart apache
service:
name: httpd
state: restarted
enabled: yes
- name: firewalld
firewalld:
service: http
state: enabled
permanent: yes
immediate: yes
///
vim apache.yml(ansible目录下)
///
---
- name: install apache
hosts: all
roles:
- role: apache
///
ansible-playbook apache.yml
#控制任务执行顺序#
---
- hosts: server2
roles:
- role: role1 ##角色任务
pre_tasks: ##角色执行前执行的play
- tasks1
tasks: ##普通任务
- tasks2
post_tasks: ##在角色和普通任务执行完毕后执行的play
- tasks3
handlers:
vim apache.yml
///
- name: install apache
hosts: all
roles:
- role: apache
pre_tasks:
- name: show pre
debug:
msg: start
post_tasks:
- name: show post
debug:
msg: end
///
#ansible—galaxy命令工具#
* Ansible Galaxy 是一个免费共享和下载 Ansible 角色的网站,可以帮助我们更好的定义和学习roles。
* ansible-galaxy命令默认与https://galaxy.ansible.com网站API通信,可以查找、下载各种社区开发的 Ansible 角色
* ansible-galaxy在 Ansible 1.4.2 就已经被包含了
* 在galaxy.ansible.com网站查询roles
#安装选择的角色#
网络共享的资源
https://galaxy.ansible.com
搜索nginx
ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.nginx
本地协议#install local roles
先将本地的角色打包至指定目录,删除原有角色文件
cd roles
tar zcf /tmp/apache.tar.gz apache/
rm -rf apache/
将打包至指定目录的角色文件安装回来
在ansible目录下
vim install_apache_roles.yml
///
---
- src: file:///tmp/apache.tar.gz
name: apache
///
ansible-galaxy install -r install_apache_roles.yml
ansible-galaxy list
///apache
####系统角色
/usr/share/ansible/roles/ ##此目录下都为系统角色
安装包:
root用户下
dnf search role
dnf install rhel-system-roles.noarch -y
cd /usr/share/ansible/roles/
ls ##系统角色
cd rhel-system-roles.timesyn ##时间同步
ls
cd ..
cp -r rhel-system-roles.timesync /home/devops/ansible/roles
su - devops
cd ansible
ansible-galaxy list
vim timesync.yml
///
---
- name: timesync server
vars:
timesync_ntp_servers:
- hostname: 172.25.14.14
iburst: yes
hosts: all
roles:
- rhel-system-roles.timesync
///
ansible 172.25.14.10 -m shell -a 'chronyc sources -v'
建一个名为/home/devops/ansible/hwreport.yml
此脚本将在受控主机生成/mnt/hwreport.txt
包含主机名称;以MB表示内容大小;BOIS版本;磁盘vda大小;磁盘vdb大小;输出文件的所有行都是用key=value的方式
从http://172.25.x.250/RHCE_EXAM/files/hwreport.empty文件并保存为/mnt/hwreport.txt
更改此文件
如果硬件信息不存在则其相关值为none
# Hardware report
HOST=inventoryhostname
MEMERY=memroy_in_MB
BIOS=BIOS_version
DISK_SIZE_VDA=disk_vda_size
DISK_SIZE_VDB=disk_vdb_size
ansible-doc -l | grep url
ansible 172.25.14.10 -m setup | less
vim hwreport.yml
///
---
- name: create hardware
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: download file
get_url:
url: http://172.25.14.250/RHCE_EXAM/files/hwreport.empty
dest: /mnt/hwreport.txt
- name: hostname
lineinfile:
path: /mnt/hwreport.txt
regexp: "{{item.name}}"
line: "{{item.name}}={{item.value}}"
loop:
- name: HOST
value: "{{ansible_facts['fqdn']}}"
- name: MEMERY
value: "{{ansible_facts['memtotal_mb']}}MB"
- name: BIOS
value: "{{ansible_facts['bios_version']}}"
- name: DISK_SIZE_VDA
value: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vda']['size']|default('NONE')}}"
- name: DISK_SIZE_VDB
value: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vdb']['size']|default('NONE')}}"
///
创建一个名为/home/devops/ansible/issue.yml的playbook:
此playbook在所有清单主机中运行
该playbook会将/etc/issue的内容替换为下面所要求的一行文本
在dev主机组中的主机上,显示为:Development
在test主机组中的主机上,显示为:Test
在prod主机组中的主机上,显示为:Production
创建名为/home/devops/ansible/inventory的静态清单文件,满足以下要求:
172.25.14.10是dev主机组的成员
172.25.14.20是test主机组的成员
172.25.14.30是prod主机组的成员
vim inventory
///
[dev]
172.25.14.10
[test]
172.25.14.20
[prod]
172.25.14.30
///
vim issue.yml
///
---
- name: create issue
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: set issue
copy:
tdest: /etc/issue
content: "{{item.text}}"
loop:
- name: dev
text: Development
- name: test
text: Test
- name: prod
text: Production
when: inventory_hostname in groups['{{item.name}}']
///
ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /etc/issue'