Hadoop 部署（伪分布模式Pseudo-Distributed Mode）

1. 安装前的准备：

在进行Hadoop伪分布式安装前要检测虚拟机是否进行了下面的配置：

1.1 修改主机名:

临时修改：hostname 主机名
永久修改： vi /etc/sysconfig/network
hostname=主机名

1.2 修改主机名与ip之间的映射关系

vi /etc/hosts
添加：ip + 主机名 #使用hostname -i 可以打印出ip

1.3 配置虚拟机网络可以进行上网

2. 创建hadoop 用户来管理hadoop:

创建：

[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]# useradd hadoop
[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]# id hadoop
uid=515(hadoop) gid=515(hadoop) groups=515(hadoop)

给用户添加sudo权限：

[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]# vi /etc/sudoers
hadoop ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:ALL

3. 安装java

安装过程见编译过程

查看java:

[root@rzdatahadoop002 jdk1.8.0_45]# which java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45/bin/java

4. 解压已经编译好的hadoop

移动：

将在/opt/sourcecode编译好的 hadoop-2.8.1.tar.gz 移动到/opt/software目录下
mv hadoop-2.8.1.tar.gz /opt/software

解压tar包：

[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]# tar -xzvf hadoop-2.8.1.tar.gz

变更用户，用户组，设置软连接：

[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]#chown -R hadoop:hadoop hadoop-2.8.1
[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]#ln -s /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1 hadoop
[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]#chown -R hadoop:hadoop hadoop
注：若先设置软连接，则需要使用三次chown命令

查看：

[root@rzdatahadoop002 software]# cd hadoop
[root@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]# rm -f *.txt
[root@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]# ll
total 28
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 include
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 10 11:54 share

注：
bin: 命令
etc：配置文件
sbin: 用来启动关闭hadoop相关进程

5. hadoop进程相关配置文件：

切换hadoop用户：

此时，进入到etc目录下的hadoop目录，查看目录，会出现以下几个主要配置文件：

1. hadoop-env.sh : hadoop配置环境
2. core-site.xml : hadoop 核心配置文件
3. hdfs-site.xml : hdfs服务的配置文件 –> 会起进程
4. mapred-site.xml : mapred计算所需要的配置文件 只当在jar计算时才有
5. yarn-site.xml : yarn服务的配置文件 –> 会起进程
6. slaves: 集群的机器名称

6. 配置hadoop用户的ssh协议：

7. 配置hdfs相关文件：

配置核心文件：

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml #配置相关配置文件时，须到etc目录下的hadoop目录。

配置hdfs文件：

8. 格式化namenode(元数据节点）

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format #bin命令目录下执行命令，若在bin目录下，则用./命令来执行
1. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
2. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Saving image file /tmp/hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
3. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /tmp/hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 323 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
4. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
5. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
6. 17/12/13 22:22:04 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
7. /**************************************************
8. SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at rzdatahadoop002/192.168.137.201
9. **************************************************/

9. 启动前准备及启动hdfs:

准备(配置java到hadoop环境）：

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 sbin]$ vi ../etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45 #若没有将java配置到hadoop环境则无法启动hdfs服务

启动：

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 sbin]$ ./start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-rzdatahadoop002.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-rzdatahadoop002.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-rzdatahadoop002.out

10. 修改：

修改hdfs localhost 为对应ip:

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 bin]$ ../sbin/stop-dfs.sh

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 bin]$ vi ../etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

• 修改完成后要对namenode进行重新格式化，然后重新启动hdfs

修改datanode以主机名登陆：

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]$ vi slaves
rzdatahadoop002

修改Secondarynamenode以主机名登陆：

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml

• 重新启动HDFS服务

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 sbin]$ ./stop-dfs.sh

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 sbin]$ ./start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [rzdatahadoop002]
rzdatahadoop002: starting namenode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-rzdatahadoop002.out
rzdatahadoop002: starting datanode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-rzdatahadoop002.out
Starting secondary namenodes [rzdatahadoop002]
rzdatahadoop002: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-rzdatahadoop002.out

11. Yarn 部署：

修改mapred-site.xml 文件：

[hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ cd /opt/software/hadoop/etc/hadoop/

[hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

[hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml

修改yarn-site.xml文件:

[root@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]# vi yarn-site.xml

开启服务：

1. [hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ cd /opt/software/hadoop

2. [hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

3. starting yarn daemons
4. starting resourcemanager, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager- zydatahadoop001.out
5. zydatahadoop001: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/software/hadoop-2.8.1/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-zydatahadoop001.out
6. [hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ jps
7. 24439 ResourceManager
8. 24840 Jps
9. 24073 SecondaryNameNode
10. 24539 NodeManager
11. 23788 NameNode

查看8088端口:

[hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ netstat -nlp|grep 8088
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 :::8088 :::* LISTEN 24439/java

• 进入wed界面：http://192.168.137.200:8088/

MR Job测试：

MapReduce: java代码写的，map(映射)函数和reduce(归约)函数

[hadoop@rzdatahadoop002 hadoop]$ find ./ -name “example”
./share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib-examples
./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.1.jar
./share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.1-sources.jar
./share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.1-test-sources.jar
./lib/native/examples
./etc/hadoop/ssl-client.xml.example
./etc/hadoop/ssl-server.xml.example

Yarn停止：

[hadoop@zydatahadoop001 hadoop]$ sbin/stop-yarn.sh

来自@若泽大数据