分库分表教程（Sharding-JDBC) -02

分表操作

1.首先我们创建一个数据库和两张表

CREATE DATABASE `order_db` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

-- 创建订单库order_db
CREATE DATABASE `order_db` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

-- 在order_db中创建t_order_1、t_order_2表
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order_1`;
   CREATE TABLE `t_order_1`  (
`order_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单id',
`price` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单价格',
`user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '下单用户id',
`status` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '订单状态', PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`) USING BTREE
   ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order_2`;
   CREATE TABLE `t_order_2`  (
`order_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单id',
`price` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单价格',
`user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '下单用户id',
`status` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '订单状态', PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`) USING BTREE
   ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

2.创建一个SpringBoot项目引入相关jar包

引入 sharding-jdbc和SpringBoot整合的Jar包

<dependency>
     <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
     <artifactId>sharding‐jdbc‐spring‐boot‐starter</artifactId>
     <version>4.0.0‐RC1</version>
</dependency>

3.分片规则配置

分片规则配置是sharding-jdbc进行对分库分表操作的重要依据，配置内容包括:数据源、主键生成策略、分片策 略等。

在application.properties中配置

server.port=56081

spring.application.name = sharding-jdbc-simple-demo

server.servlet.context-path = /sharding-jdbc-simple-demo
spring.http.encoding.enabled = true
spring.http.encoding.charset = UTF-8
spring.http.encoding.force = true

spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding = true

mybatis.configuration.map-underscore-to-camel-case = true

#sharding-jdbc分片规则配置
#数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names = m1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.driver-class-name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.url = jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/tt?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.password = Vv12345!

# 指定t_order表的数据分布情况，配置数据节点 m1.t_order_1,m1.t_order_2
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.actual-data-nodes = m1.t_order_$->{1..2}

# 指定t_order表的主键生成策略为SNOWFLAKE
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generator.column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE

# 指定t_order表的分片策略，分片策略包括分片键和分片算法
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column = order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression = t_order_$->{order_id % 2 + 1}

# 打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show = true

swagger.enable = true

logging.level.root = info
logging.level.org.springframework.web = info
logging.level.com.itheima.dbsharding  = debug
logging.level.druid.sql = debug

注意：

SNOWFLAKE是一种分布式自增算法，保证id全局唯一

分片键：就是指根据这个键对应的值去区分数据存入哪张表

分片算法：我们这里定义为根据奇数和偶数去区分存入哪张订单表

例如：order_id是3，3取模2 再+1就是2，那么就会向t_order_2插入数据

接下来，我们编写DAO层进行测试看看效果：

package com.itheima.dbsharding.simple.dao;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by jlm
 */
@Mapper
@Component
public interface OrderDao {

    /**
     * 插入订单
     * @param price
     * @param userId
     * @param status
     * @return
     */
    @Insert("insert into t_order(price,user_id,status)values(#{price},#{userId},#{status})")
    int insertOrder(@Param("price")BigDecimal price,@Param("userId")Long userId,@Param("status")String status);

    /**
     * 根据id列表查询订单
     * @param orderIds
     * @return
     */
    @Select("<script>" +
            "select" +
            " * " +
            " from t_order t " +
            " where t.order_id in " +
            " <foreach collection='orderIds' open='(' separator=',' close=')' item='id'>" +
            " #{id} " +
            " </foreach>" +
            "</script>")
    List<Map> selectOrderbyIds(@Param("orderIds") List<Long> orderIds);
}

编写单元测试：

package com.itheima.dbsharding.simple;

import com.itheima.dbsharding.simple.dao.OrderDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author jlm
 * @version 1.0
 **/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {ShardingJdbcSimpleBootstrap.class})
public class OrderDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    OrderDao orderDao;

    @Test
    public void testInsertOrder(){
//        for(int i=1;i<20;i++){
            orderDao.insertOrder(new BigDecimal(11),1L,"SUCCESS");
//        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectOrderbyIds(){
        List<Long> ids = new ArrayList<>();
        ids.add(373897739357913088L);
        ids.add(373897037306920961L);

        List<Map> maps = orderDao.selectOrderbyIds(ids);
        System.out.println(maps);
    }
}

执行第一个测试，我们通过控制台打印信息可以看到

根据雪花算法生成的主键是奇数，那根据我们设定的分片规则插入order_2表没有问题,循环多次插入

依然没有问题，的确按照我们制定的分片规则进行插入，接下来我们执行查询试试，就用上图标出来的两个id

我们可以看到解析的真实sql为两条，符合我们的预期结果