一、函数防抖(debounce)
函数防抖:函数只有在空闲足够的时间时才执行,空闲时长不够就不执行。
应用场景:
- 实时搜索(keyup、input)
- 拖拽(mousemove)
/**
* 函数防抖 debounce
* @param {Object} func 要执行的函数
* @param {Object} wait 延迟时间
* @param {Object} immediate 是否立即执行
*/
function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
var timeout, result;
var debounced = function () {
var context = this;
var args = arguments;
if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout);
if (immediate) {
// 如果已经执行过,不再执行
var callNow = !timeout;
timeout = setTimeout(function(){
timeout = null;
}, wait)
if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args)
}
else {
timeout = setTimeout(function(){
func.apply(context, args)
}, wait);
}
return result;
};
debounced.cancel = function() {
clearTimeout(timeout);
timeout = null;
};
return debounced;
}
/**
* 使用示例:
*/
var count = 1;
var container = document.getElementById('container');
function getUserAction(e) {
container.innerHTML = count++;
};
var setUseAction = debounce(getUserAction, 10000, true);
container.onmousemove = setUseAction;
document.getElementById('button').addEventListener('click', function(){
setUseAction.cancel();
})
二、函数节流(throttle)
函数节流:函数只有在大于等于执行周期时才执行,周期内不执行。
应用场景:
- 窗口调整(resize)
- 页面滚动(scroll)
- 抢购疯狂点击(mousedown)
/**
* 函数节流 throttle
* @param {Object} func 要执行的函数
* @param {Object} wait 等待时间
* @param {Object} options 配置项,配置是否立即/延迟执行
* {leading: false} 表示禁用第一次执行;{trailing: false} 表示禁用停止触发的回调(二选一)
*/
function throttle(func, wait, options) {
var timeout, context, args, result;
var previous = 0;
if (!options) options = {};
var later = function() {
previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : new Date().getTime();
timeout = null;
func.apply(context, args);
if (!timeout) context = args = null;
};
var throttled = function() {
var now = new Date().getTime();
if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
context = this;
args = arguments;
if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
if (timeout) {
clearTimeout(timeout);
timeout = null;
}
previous = now;
func.apply(context, args);
if (!timeout) context = args = null;
} else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
}
};
throttled.cancel = function() {
clearTimeout(timeout);
previous = 0;
timeout = null;
}
return throttled;
}
/**
* 使用示例:
*/
var count = 1;
var container = document.getElementById('container');
function getUserAction(e) {
container.innerHTML = count++;
};
// 有头有尾:第一次执行,停止后还会执行一次
container.onmousemove = throttle(getUserAction, 1000);
// 无头有尾:禁用第一次执行
container.onmousemove = throttle(getUserAction, 1000, {
leading: false
});
// 由头无尾:禁用停止后的执行
container.onmousemove = throttle(getUserAction, 1000, {
trailing: false
});
参考资料:
JavaScript专题之跟着 underscore 学防抖
JavaScript专题之跟着 underscore 学节流