读写锁维护了一对相关的锁,一个用于只读操作,一个用于写入操作。只要没有writer,读取锁可以由多个reader线程同时保持。写入锁是独占的。
可重入读写锁 ReentrantReadWriteLock
ReentrantReadWriteLock对象提供了readLock()和writeLock()方法, 用于获取读取锁和写入锁.
- 读取锁允许多个reader线程同时持有, 而写入锁最多只能有一个writter线程持有.
- 读写锁的使用场合: 读取共享数据的频率远大于修改共享数据的频率. 在上述场合下, 使用读写锁控制共享资源的访问, 可以提高并发性能.
- 如果一个线程已经持有了写入锁, 则可以再持有读写锁. 相反, 如果一个线程已经持有了读取锁, 则在释放该读取锁之前, 不能再持有写入锁.
- 可以调用写入锁的newCondition()方法获取与该写入锁绑定的Condition对象, 此时与普通的互斥锁并没有什么区别. 但是调用读取锁的newCondition()方法将抛出异常.
例子
package com.home;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
class ReadWrte {
private int data;
ReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
/**
* 读数据,上读锁
*/
public void get() {
rwLock.readLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",Read!");
Thread.sleep((long) Math.random() * 1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读出的数据为:" +
this.getData());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
rwLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
/**
* 写数据,上写锁
*
* @param data
*/
public void put(int data) {
rwLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",Write!");
Thread.sleep((long) Math.random() * 1000);
this.setData(data);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入的数据为:" +
this.getData());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
rwLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
public int getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
/**
* 测试类
*
* @author itmyhome
*
*/
public class ReadWriteLockTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ReadWrte rw = new ReadWrte();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
rw.get();
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
rw.put(new Random().nextInt(8));
}
}).start();
}
}
}
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程序运行结果如图:
![这里写图片描述](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170719153919417?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvaXRteWhvbWUxOTkw/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast)
从图中我们可以看出,可以多个线程同时读,但只能一个线程写,即写数据和写入数据一并完成。