- V4l2视频操作最核心的处理函数:
- #define VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES 256 //子设备数量
- #define VIDEO_NAME "video4linux"//设备名称,可能是在/dev下显示的名称
1、建立sysfs节点及属性
- // sysfs stuff
- static ssize_t show_index(struct device *cd, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);
- return sprintf(buf, "%i\n", vdev->index);
- }
- static ssize_t show_name(struct device *cd, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);
- return sprintf(buf, "%.*s\n", (int)sizeof(vdev->name), vdev->name);
- }
- static struct device_attribute video_device_attrs[] = {
- __ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_name, NULL),
- __ATTR(index, S_IRUGO, show_index, NULL),
- __ATTR_NULL
- };
- // Active devices
- static struct video_device *video_device[VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES];//创建视频设备指针
- static DEFINE_MUTEX(videodev_lock);//初始化锁
- static DECLARE_BITMAP(devnode_nums[VFL_TYPE_MAX], VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//初始化位映射
2、设备节点使用函数
- /* Note: these utility functions all assume that vfl_type is in the range
- [0, VFL_TYPE_MAX-1]. */
- 这些实用函数都采用的vfl_type范围是[0, VFL_TYPE_MAX-1].
- #ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
- /* Return the bitmap corresponding to vfl_type. */
- 返回vfl_type相关的位映射
- static inline unsigned long *devnode_bits(int vfl_type)
- {
- /* Any types not assigned to fixed minor ranges must be mapped to
- one single bitmap for the purposes of finding a free node number
- since all those unassigned types use the same minor range. */
- int idx = (vfl_type > VFL_TYPE_VTX) ? VFL_TYPE_MAX - 1 : vfl_type;
- return devnode_nums[idx];
- }
- #else
- /* Return the bitmap corresponding to vfl_type. */
- static inline unsigned long *devnode_bits(int vfl_type)
- {
- return devnode_nums[vfl_type];
- }
- #endif
- /* Mark device node number vdev->num as used */
- static inline void devnode_set(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- set_bit(vdev->num, devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type));
- }
- /* Mark device node number vdev->num as unused */
- static inline void devnode_clear(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- clear_bit(vdev->num, devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type));
- }
- /* Try to find a free device node number in the range [from, to> */
- static inline int devnode_find(struct video_device *vdev, int from, int to)
- {
- return find_next_zero_bit(devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type), to, from);
- }
3、video device简单操作
- //给video_device结构体分配空间,要用video_device->release来释放
- struct video_device *video_device_alloc(void)
- {
- return kzalloc(sizeof(struct video_device), GFP_KERNEL);
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_alloc);
- //释放给video_device结构体分配空间
- void video_device_release(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- kfree(vdev);
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_release);
- void video_device_release_empty(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- /* Do nothing */
- /* Only valid when the video_device struct is a static. */
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_release_empty);
- //增加设备的引用计数
- static inline void video_get(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- get_device(&vdev->dev);
- }
- //减少设备的引用计数
- static inline void video_put(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- put_device(&vdev->dev);
- }
4、设备释放:v4l2_device_release
- /* Called when the last user of the video device exits. */
- static void v4l2_device_release(struct device *cd)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- if (video_device[vdev->minor] != vdev) {
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- /* should not happen */
- WARN_ON(1);
- return;
- }
- /* Free up this device for reuse 从video device数组中删除该设备*/
- video_device[vdev->minor] = NULL;
- /* Delete the cdev on this minor as well 删除字符设备*/
- cdev_del(vdev->cdev);
- /* Just in case some driver tries to access this from the release() callback. */
- vdev->cdev = NULL;
- /* Mark device node number as free */
- devnode_clear(vdev);
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- /* 调用自己的release函数 Release video_device and perform other cleanups as needed. */
- vdev->release(vdev);
- }
- //video device类 定义sysfs用
- static struct class video_class = {
- .name = VIDEO_NAME,
- .dev_attrs = video_device_attrs,
- };
5、V4L2设备操作函数集
- //通过节点返回该file对应的video_device设备
- struct video_device *video_devdata(struct file *file)
- {
- return video_device[iminor(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode)];
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_devdata);
- 最顶层的读函数,应用程序的下一层
- static ssize_t v4l2_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t sz, loff_t *off)
- {
- //根据次设备号从video_device[VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES]数组中得到当前操作的video device
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- //判断该设备是否有读操作函数
- if (!vdev->fops->read)
- return -EINVAL;//无,直接返回
- if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))//还要判断该设备是否被注销
- return -EIO;
- return vdev->fops->read(filp, buf, sz, off);//否则调用该设备操作函数中的读操作
- }
- static ssize_t v4l2_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t sz, loff_t *off)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->write)
- return -EINVAL;
- if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))
- return -EIO;
- return vdev->fops->write(filp, buf, sz, off);
- }
- static unsigned int v4l2_poll(struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *poll)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->poll || video_is_unregistered(vdev))
- return DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
- return vdev->fops->poll(filp, poll);
- }
- static int v4l2_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp,
- unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->ioctl)
- return -ENOTTY;
- /* Allow ioctl to continue even if the device was unregistered.
- Things like dequeueing buffers might still be useful. */
- return vdev->fops->ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
- }
- static long v4l2_unlocked_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl)
- return -ENOTTY;
- /* Allow ioctl to continue even if the device was unregistered.
- Things like dequeueing buffers might still be useful. */
- return vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
- }
- #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
- #define v4l2_get_unmapped_area NULL
- #else
- static unsigned long v4l2_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp,
- unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, unsigned long pgoff,
- unsigned long flags)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->get_unmapped_area)
- return -ENOSYS;
- if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))
- return -ENODEV;
- return vdev->fops->get_unmapped_area(filp, addr, len, pgoff, flags);
- }
- #endif
- static int v4l2_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vm)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- if (!vdev->fops->mmap ||
- video_is_unregistered(vdev))
- return -ENODEV;
- return vdev->fops->mmap(filp, vm);
- }
- /* Override for the open function */
- static int v4l2_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev;
- int ret = 0;
- /* Check if the video device is available */
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- /* return ENODEV if the video device has been removed
- already or if it is not registered anymore. */
- if (vdev == NULL || video_is_unregistered(vdev)) {
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- return -ENODEV;
- }
- /* and increase the device refcount */
- video_get(vdev);
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- if (vdev->fops->open)
- ret = vdev->fops->open(filp);
- /* decrease the refcount in case of an error */
- if (ret)
- video_put(vdev);
- return ret;
- }
- /* Override for the release function */
- static int v4l2_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
- {
- struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
- int ret = 0;
- if (vdev->fops->release)
- vdev->fops->release(filp);
- /* decrease the refcount unconditionally since the release()
- return value is ignored. */
- video_put(vdev);
- return ret;
- }
6、添充v4l2的字符设备操作集file_operations
下边两个字符设备操作函数集就ioctl处理不同,在注册的时候根据实际video device的ioctl接口选在相应的操作集。
- static const struct file_operations v4l2_unlocked_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .read = v4l2_read,
- .write = v4l2_write,
- .open = v4l2_open,
- .get_unmapped_area = v4l2_get_unmapped_area,
- .mmap = v4l2_mmap,
- .unlocked_ioctl = v4l2_unlocked_ioctl,
- #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
- .compat_ioctl = v4l2_compat_ioctl32,
- #endif
- .release = v4l2_release,
- .poll = v4l2_poll,
- .llseek = no_llseek,
- };
- static const struct file_operations v4l2_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .read = v4l2_read,
- .write = v4l2_write,
- .open = v4l2_open,
- .get_unmapped_area = v4l2_get_unmapped_area,
- .mmap = v4l2_mmap,
- .ioctl = v4l2_ioctl,
- #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
- .compat_ioctl = v4l2_compat_ioctl32,
- #endif
- .release = v4l2_release,
- .poll = v4l2_poll,
- .llseek = no_llseek,
- };
- /**
- * get_index - assign stream index number based on parent device依据父设备分配流索引号
- * @vdev: video_device to assign index number to, vdev->parent should be assigned
- * Note that when this is called the new device has not yet been registered
- * in the video_device array, but it was able to obtain a minor number.
- *
- * This means that we can always obtain a free stream index number since
- * the worst case scenario is that there are VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES - 1 slots in
- * use of the video_device array.
- * Returns a free index number.
- */
- static int get_index(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- //This can be static since this function is called with the global videodev_lock held.
- 有256个索引,并且每个索引占一个bit,用下边的宏声明一个long型的数组来表示这256个索引
- static DECLARE_BITMAP(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//定义一个数组
- int i;
- /* Some drivers do not set the parent. In that case always return 0. */
- if (vdev->parent == NULL)
- return 0;
- bitmap_zero(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//清空这个索引数组
- for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES; i++) {
- if (video_device[i] != NULL &&
- video_device[i]->parent == vdev->parent) {
- set_bit(video_device[i]->index, used);//如果该设备有父设备,那么将从used地址开始第index的位值1
- }
- }
- return find_first_zero_bit(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//返回第一个没用的索引号
- }
7、注册video device :video_register_device
- /**
- * video_register_device - register video4linux devices
- * @vdev: video device structure we want to register
- * @type: type of device to register
- * @nr: which device node number (0 == /dev/video0, 1 == /dev/video1, ...
- * -1 == first free)
- * @warn_if_nr_in_use: warn if the desired device node number
- * was already in use and another number was chosen instead.
- *
- * The registration code assigns minor numbers and device node numbers
- * based on the requested type and registers the new device node with
- * the kernel.
- * An error is returned if no free minor or device node number could be
- * found, or if the registration of the device node failed.
- *
- * Zero is returned on success.
- * Valid types are
- * %VFL_TYPE_GRABBER - A frame grabber
- * %VFL_TYPE_VTX - A teletext device
- * %VFL_TYPE_VBI - Vertical blank data (undecoded)
- * %VFL_TYPE_RADIO - A radio card
- */
- static int __video_register_device(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr,
- int warn_if_nr_in_use)
- {
- int i = 0;
- int ret;
- int minor_offset = 0;
- int minor_cnt = VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES;
- const char *name_base;
- void *priv = video_get_drvdata(vdev);
- /* A minor value of -1 marks this video device as never having been registered */
- vdev->minor = -1;
- /* the release callback MUST be present */
- WARN_ON(!vdev->release);
- if (!vdev->release)
- return -EINVAL;
- 3.3.1还调用了下边两句话:
- /* v4l2_fh support */
- spin_lock_init(&vdev->fh_lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vdev->fh_list);
3.3.1中没有vtx这个类型:
/* Part 1: check device type */
1)、通过要注册video 设备的类型来设置设备的名称
- switch (type) {
- case VFL_TYPE_GRABBER:
- name_base = "video";
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_VTX:
- name_base = "vtx";
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_VBI:
- name_base = "vbi";
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_RADIO:
- name_base = "radio";
- break;
- default:
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s called with unknown type: %d\n",
- __func__, type);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- //设置类型和字符设备成员
- vdev->vfl_type = type;
- vdev->cdev = NULL;
- //设置父设备成员
- if (vdev->v4l2_dev && vdev->v4l2_dev->dev)
- vdev->parent = vdev->v4l2_dev->dev;
- /* Part 2: find a free minor, device node number and device index. */
2)、寻找一个未用的子设备号、设备节点和设备索引号
- #ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
- /* Keep the ranges for the first four types for historical reasons.
- * Newer devices (not yet in place) should use the range
- * of 128-191 and just pick the first free minor there (new style). */
- 根据设备类型重新划分子设备号的范围
- switch (type) {
- case VFL_TYPE_GRABBER:
- minor_offset = 0;
- minor_cnt = 64;
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_RADIO:
- minor_offset = 64;
- minor_cnt = 64;
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_VTX:
- minor_offset = 192;
- minor_cnt = 32;
- break;
- case VFL_TYPE_VBI:
- minor_offset = 224;
- minor_cnt = 32;
- break;
- default:
- minor_offset = 128;
- minor_cnt = 64;
- break;
- }
- #endif
- 否则用默认的
- /* Pick a device node number */
- 挑选设备节点
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- nr = devnode_find(vdev, nr == -1 ? 0 : nr, minor_cnt);
- if (nr == minor_cnt)
- nr = devnode_find(vdev, 0, minor_cnt);
- if (nr == minor_cnt) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "could not get a free device node number\n");
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- return -ENFILE;
- }
- 获取子设备号
- #ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
- /* 1-on-1 mapping of device node number to minor number */
- i = nr;
- #else
- /* The device node number and minor numbers are independent, so
- we just find the first free minor number. */
- for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES; i++)
- if (video_device[i] == NULL)
- break;
- if (i == VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES) {
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- printk(KERN_ERR "could not get a free minor\n");
- return -ENFILE;
- }
- #endif
- 设置设备节点和设备号
- vdev->minor = i + minor_offset;
- vdev->num = nr;
- devnode_set(vdev);
- 设置设备索引号
- /* Should not happen since we thought this minor was free */
- WARN_ON(video_device[vdev->minor] != NULL);
- vdev->index = get_index(vdev);
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
/* Part 3: Initialize the character device */
3)、初始化字符设备
- vdev->cdev = cdev_alloc();//分配字符设备并添加到sysfs中
- if (vdev->cdev == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto cleanup;
- }
- 设置字符设备cdev的成员
- 如果video device操作函数注册了unlock_ioctl,那么该字符设备的操作函数集为v4l2_unlocked_fops,否则为v4l2_fops(omap24xxcam没有unlock_ioctl)
- if (vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl)
- vdev->cdev->ops = &v4l2_unlocked_fops;
- else
- vdev->cdev->ops = &v4l2_fops;
- vdev->cdev->owner = vdev->fops->owner;
- 将该字符设备添加到内核中
- ret = cdev_add(vdev->cdev, MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, vdev->minor), 1);
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: cdev_add failed\n", __func__);
- kfree(vdev->cdev);
- vdev->cdev = NULL;
- goto cleanup;
- }
4)、注册设备到sysfs系统中
- /* Part 4: register the device with sysfs */
- memset(&vdev->dev, 0, sizeof(vdev->dev));
- // The memset above cleared the device's drvdata, so put back the copy we made earlier.
- video_set_drvdata(vdev, priv);
- vdev->dev.class = &video_class;
- vdev->dev.devt = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, vdev->minor);
- if (vdev->parent)
- vdev->dev.parent = vdev->parent;
- dev_set_name(&vdev->dev, "%s%d", name_base, vdev->num);
- 册device
- ret = device_register(&vdev->dev);
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: device_register failed\n", __func__);
- goto cleanup;
- }
- /* Register the release callback that will be called when the last
- reference to the device goes away. */
- vdev->dev.release = v4l2_device_release;
- if (nr != -1 && nr != vdev->num && warn_if_nr_in_use)
- printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: requested %s%d, got %s%d\n",
- __func__, name_base, nr, name_base, vdev->num);
5)、更新video device注册列表
- /* Part 5: Activate this minor. The char device can now be used. */
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- video_device[vdev->minor] = vdev;//将新注册的video device设备添加到video_device[]中
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- return 0;
- cleanup:
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- if (vdev->cdev)
- cdev_del(vdev->cdev);
- devnode_clear(vdev);
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- /* Mark this video device as never having been registered. */
- vdev->minor = -1;
- return ret;
- }
3.3.1版本没有这两个函数
上边注册函数的两个变种
- int video_register_device(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr)
- {
- return __video_register_device(vdev, type, nr, 1);
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_register_device);
- int video_register_device_no_warn(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr)
- {
- return __video_register_device(vdev, type, nr, 0);
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_register_device_no_warn);
8、注消video device
- /**
- * video_unregister_device - unregister a video4linux device
- * @vdev: the device to unregister
- * This unregisters the passed device. Future open calls will be met with errors.
- */
- void video_unregister_device(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- /* Check if vdev was ever registered at all */
- if (!vdev || vdev->minor < 0)
- return;
- mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
- //这个标记用于ops操作中检测该设备是否已经注销的依据
- set_bit(V4L2_FL_UNREGISTERED, &vdev->flags);
- mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
- device_unregister(&vdev->dev);
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_unregister_device);
9、注册注消该字符设备
- // Initialise video for linux
- static int __init videodev_init(void)
- {
- dev_t dev = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, 0);//设备号
- int ret;
- printk(KERN_INFO "Linux video capture interface: v2.00\n");
- 注册该video device 字符设备到内核
- ret = register_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES, VIDEO_NAME);
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "videodev: unable to get major %d\n",
- VIDEO_MAJOR);
- return ret;
- }
注册该设备的类到内核(sysfs操作)
- ret = class_register(&video_class);
- if (ret < 0) {
- unregister_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);
- printk(KERN_WARNING "video_dev: class_register failed\n");
- return -EIO;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- static void __exit videodev_exit(void)
- {
- dev_t dev = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, 0);
- class_unregister(&video_class);
- unregister_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);
- }
- module_init(videodev_init)
- module_exit(videodev_exit
)
10、.h函数中的内联函数
获取video_device设备驱动数据
- static inline void *video_get_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- return dev_get_drvdata(&vdev->dev);
- }
设置video_device设备驱动数据
- static inline void video_set_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev, void *data)
- {
- dev_set_drvdata(&vdev->dev, data);
- }
/* Combine video_get_drvdata and video_devdata as this is used very often. */
通过设备文件获取设备驱动数据
- static inline void *video_drvdata(struct file *file)
- {
- return video_get_drvdata(video_devdata(file));
- }
判断该设备是否被注销
- static inline int video_is_unregistered(struct video_device *vdev)
- {
- return test_bit(V4L2_FL_UNREGISTERED, &vdev->flags);
- }