【matplotlib】 绘制平滑的曲线 及 报错ImportError: cannot import name ‘spline‘处理

matplotlib绘制平滑的曲线有2种常用的方法

1.曲线拟合

使用scipy库可以拟合曲线.
没拟合的图：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
T = np.array([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
power = np.array([1.53E+03, 5.92E+02, 2.04E+02, 7.24E+01, 2.72E+01, 1.10E+01, 4.70E+00])
plt.plot(T,power)
plt.show()

使用scipy.interpolate.spline拟合曲线：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
T = np.array([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
power = np.array([1.53E+03, 5.92E+02, 2.04E+02, 7.24E+01, 2.72E+01, 1.10E+01, 4.70E+00])

from scipy.interpolate import spline
xnew = np.linspace(T.min(),T.max(),300) #300 represents number of points to make between T.min and T.max
power_smooth = spline(T,power,xnew)
plt.plot(xnew,power_smooth)
plt.show()

2.间隔画曲线

当matplotlib画图的横坐标为时间时，使用scipy.interpolate.spline拟合曲线就会遇到麻烦，我们可以采用间隔点画图。
原先的图：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(0,10,0.2)
y = np.random.rand(len(x))
plt.plot(x,y, marker="o")
plt.show()

 间隔点画图：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(0,10,0.2)
y = np.random.rand(len(x))
plt.plot(x[::4],y[::4], marker="o")
plt.show()

 

3.报错处理：ImportError: cannot import name 'spline' from 'scipy.interpolate'

解决方法：

导入make_interp_spline并进一步调用：

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline

x = np.array([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
y = np.array([1.53E+03, 5.92E+02, 2.04E+02, 7.24E+01, 2.72E+01, 1.10E+01, 4.70E+00])
x_smooth = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), 300)
y_smooth = make_interp_spline(x, y)(x_smooth)
plt.plot(x_smooth, y_smooth, linestyle=':')
plt.show()

4.改变matplotlib折线图的颜色和形状

plt.plot(x_smooth, y_smooth, linestyle=':')

可以选择不同的样式

supported values are '-', '--', '-.', ':', 'None', ' ', '', 'solid', 'dashed', 'dashdot', 'dotted'

linestyle='--'

linestyle='-.'

参考：

1 matplotlib绘制平滑的曲线

2 from scipy.interpolate import spline报错

3 Matplotlib-绘制折线图