python基本学习 - 继承和组合

继承

• 简单的继承

class Employee(object):
    def __init__(self,name,job,pay):
        self._name = name
        self._job = job
        self._pay = pay
    def giveRaise(self,percent):
        self._pay = int(self._pay*(1+percent))
    def __str__(self):
        return "[Employee:%s,%s,%s]"%(self._name,self._job,self._pay)

class Manager(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,pay):
        Employee.__init__(self,name,'mgr',pay)
    def giveRaise(self,percent,bonus=.10):
        Employee.giveRaise(self,percent+bonus)

• 多重继承

class A(object):
    a,b = 1,1
class B(A):
    a = 2
class C(A):
    a,b,c = 3,3,3
class D(B,C):
    pass

#A为经典类时，继承方法的解析顺序为：深度优先A优先于C
#A为新式类时，继承方法的解析顺序为：广度优先，即B-C-A  

• 方法调用 super
  super的用途：
  ①避免父类的重复调用；
  ②super是一个类，不是函数
  ③单一继承直接父类调用，多重继承super调用
  super(D,self).test

class A(object):
    def test(self):
        print ("A's test")
class B(A):
    def test(self):
        super(B,self).test()
class C(A):
    def test(self):
        super(C,self).test()
class D(B,C):
    pass

super更深入的了解:1.
2.

组合:将以前的类进行组合

用已有类生成新类
与继承的区别： has a 和 is a的区别

class Employee(object):
    def __init__(self,name,job,pay):
        self._name = name
        self._job = job
        self._pay = pay
    def giveRaise(self,percent):
        self._pay = int(self._pay*(1+percent))
    def __str__(self):
        return "[Employee:%s,%s,%s]"%(self._name,self._job,self._pay)

class Manager(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,pay):
        Employee.__init__(self,name,'mgr',pay)
    def giveRaise(self,percent,bonus=.10):
        Employee.giveRaise(self,percent+bonus)

calss Department(object):
    def__init__(self,*args):
        self.members = list(args)
    def addMembers(self,person):
        self.members.append(person)
    def showAll(self):
        for person in self.members:
            print(person)
    def giveRaise(self,percent):
        for person in self.members:
            person.giveRaise(percent) 
# a = Employee('xix','alg_engineer',10000)
# b = Employee('xixi','engineer',11000)
# c = Manager('xi','engineer',90000)
# d = Department(a,b,c)
#d.show()
#d.giveRaise(0.1)