Java源码阅读-HashMap

添加元素

/**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
     * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
     * value is replaced.
     *
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) { // 还未添加过元素，先填充存储键值对的表
            inflateTable(threshold);
        }
        if (key == null)
            return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key); // 计算hash值
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { // 遍历所有桶，如果要插入的key的hash值和桶的hash值相同则插入
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
        return null;
    }

/**
     * Retrieve object hash code and applies a supplemental hash function to the
     * result hash, which defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is
     * critical because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
     * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
     * in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash 0, thus index 0.
     */
    final int hash(Object k) { // 计算hash值
        int h = hashSeed;
        if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
            return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
        }

        h ^= k.hashCode();

        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }

/**
     * Returns index for hash code h.
     */
    static int indexFor(int h, int length) { // 计算桶的序号
        // assert Integer.bitCount(length) == 1 : "length must be a non-zero power of 2";
        return h & (length-1);
    }

根据key获取value

/**
     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
     *
     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
     * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
     * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
     * distinguish these two cases.
     *
     * @see #put(Object, Object)
     */
    public V get(Object key) {
        if (key == null)
            return getForNullKey();
        Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key); // 调用私有方法getEntry(key)

        return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
    }

/**
     * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the
     * HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
     * for the key.
     */
    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        if (size == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key); // 计算查找的key的hash值
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; // 遍历桶，如果key的hash值和桶的hash值相同则取出值
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                return e;
        }
        return null;
    }