练习1.16
根据提示, a*b^n保持不变、使用a来保存结果,观察如下变换过程
求b^100,(b n a)
-->(b 100 a)
-->(b^2 50 a)
-->(b^4 25 a)
此时根据fast-expt的过程,应将25执行减1操作,如果保持a*b^n不变,则可有如下变换
-->(b^4 24 b^4)
即(b^4)^24*b^4=b^100,当n为奇数时,a=a*b,则a=1
-->(b^8 12 b^4)
-->(b^16 6 b^4)
-->(b^32 3 b^4)
此时n为奇数,a=a*b,则
-->(b^32 2 b^36)
-->(b^64 1 b^36)
-->(b^64 0 b^100)
则定义过程如下
(define (fast-iter-expt b n) (fast-expt-iter b n 1)) (define (fast-expt-iter b counter product) (cond ((= counter 0) product) ((even? counter) (fast-expt-iter (square b) (/ counter 2) product)) (else (fast-expt-iter b (- counter 1) (* b product))))) (define (square x) (* x x)) (define (even? n) (= (remainder n 2) 0))
练习1.17
(define (* a b) (if (= b 0) 0 (+ a (* a (- b 1))))) (define (double x) (+ x x)) (define (halve x) (/ x 2)) (define (fast* a b) (cond ((= b 0) 0) ((even? b) (double (fast* a (halve b)))) (else (+ a (fast* a (- b 1))))))
练习1.18
(define (fast* a b)
(fast*-iter a b 0))
(define (fast*-iter a b v)
(cond ((= b 0) v)
((even? b) (fast*-iter (double a) (halve b) v))
(else (fast*-iter a (- b 1) (+ a v)))))
(define (double x)
(+ x x))
(define (halve x)
(/ x 2))
(define (even? n)
(= (remainder n 2) 0))
练习1.19
已知:T变换对于(a, b)、(p, q), a = bq + aq + ap b = bp + aq 则有如下变换过程 (a, b) -->(bq + aq + ap, bp + aq) -->(bq' + aq' + ap', bp' + aq') 则有 (1)bq' + aq' + ap' = (bp + aq)q + (bq + aq + ap)q + (bq + aq + ap)p (2)bp' + aq' = (bp + aq)p + (bq + aq + ap)q 将(1)右边展开,得到 bq' + aq' + ap' = (bp + aq)q + (bq + aq + ap)q + (bq + aq + ap)p = bpq + aq^2 + bq^2 + aq^2 + apq + bpq + apq + ap^2 = 2bpq + 2apq + 2aq^2 + bq^2 + ap^2 = b(2pq + q^2) + a(2pq + q^2) + a(p^2 + q^2) 则有 p' = p^2 + q^2 q' = 2pq + q^2 代入(2),检测正确 bp' + aq' = (bp + aq)p + (bq + aq + ap)q = bp^2 + apq + bq^2 + aq^2 + apq = b(p^2 + q^2) + a(2pq + q^2)