GUI编程(1)
组件:
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 破解工具
简介:
GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT
GUI不流行的原因:
- 界面不美观
- 需要jre环境
AWT
包含了很多类和接口
GUI:图形用户界面编程
元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
文件位置:java.awt
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-9rl5PgDd-1629599027323)(C:\Users\Lenovo\Pictures\Saved Pictures\屏幕截图 2021-08-20 113208.png)]
Frame
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame
Frame a = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
a.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
a.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
a.setBackground(new Color(42, 49, 198));
//弹出的初始位置
a.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
a.setResizable(false);
}
}
问题点:程序关不掉
运行多个窗口,用封装解决
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame m1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, new Color(42, 49, 198));
MyFrame m2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, new Color(114, 205, 88));
MyFrame m3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, new Color(212, 81, 29));
MyFrame m4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, new Color(203, 18, 76));
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int z,int w,Color color) throws HeadlessException {
super("MyFrame"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,z,w);
setVisible(true);
}
}
Panel
panel属于界面布局,不能单独存在,需要框架如Frame,除此之外,存在哪个框架之内就在哪个框架add此panel才能实现添加
监听事件解决关闭窗口问题
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//Panel 可以看成一个空间,但是不能单独存在
//布局的概念
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//设置坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(0x0965EF));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(0xFA0909));
//frame.add(panel); 将panel装进frame里面
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭时要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
监听事件的方法通过匿名内部类重写,可以重写全部(WindowListener),也可以通过其子接口实现(WindowAdapter)。
布局管理器
- 流式布局
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("这是布局");
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局,不输入量,默认为居中
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setSize(500,500);
//添加按钮
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
- 东西南北中
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
- 表格
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.setSize(500,500);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
练习题
package GUI.lesson01.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setBounds(300,400,400,300);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//四个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
p1.add(new Button("button1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("button2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("button3"));
p2.add(new Button("button4"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
p3.add(new Button("button5"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("button6"),BorderLayout.WEST);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("button"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}