提到程序的执行必不可少我们会想到的就是进程，那么进程到底是什么呢？
实质上计算机系统为了使程序可以并发执行，并对并发执行的程序进行描述和控制，引入了“进程”的概念。为了使每个程序能够独立的执行，在操作系统中为他配置了一个数据结构即task_struct,称为进程描述符。
系统可以利用进程控制块（PCB）来描述进程的基本情况和活动过程，从而管理和控制进程。由程序段，相关数据段和PCB构成进程实体。
传统OS的定义：进程是进程实体的运行过程，是系统进行调度和资源分配的一个独立单位。
进程和程序时两个完全不同的概念，他们的不同点总结如下：
1.程序没有进程所包含的进程控制块。
2.进程是进程实体的执行过程，是动态的，所以进程有一定的生命期，而程序只是一组有序指令的集合，是静态的。
3.一个程序执行在不同的数据集上就成为不同的进程，可以用进程控制块来唯一地标识每个进程。
4.进程还具有并发性和交往性，这也与程序的封闭性不同。
Linux内核主要是通过进程标识符task_struct来管理进程，这个结构体包含了一个进程所需要的所有信息。
下面就来对task_struct结构体成员的用法进行研究：
task_struct的成员相当多目前为止大概有3000多行。
下面来慢慢介绍这些复杂成员
进程状态
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">volatile</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> state; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
state成员的可能取值如下
参见http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h?v=4.5#L207
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * Task state bitmask. NOTE! These bits are also * encoded in fs/proc/array.c: get_task_state(). * * We have two separate sets of flags: task->state * is about runnability, while task->exit_state are * about the task exiting. Confusing, but this way * modifying one set can't modify the other one by * mistake. */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_RUNNING 0</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE 1</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 2</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> __TASK_STOPPED 4</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> __TASK_TRACED 8</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* in tsk->exit_state */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> EXIT_DEAD 16</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> EXIT_ZOMBIE 32</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> EXIT_TRACE (EXIT_ZOMBIE | EXIT_DEAD)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* in tsk->state again */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_DEAD 64</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_WAKEKILL 128 /** wake on signals that are deadly **/</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_WAKING 256</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_PARKED 512</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_NOLOAD 1024</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_STATE_MAX 2048</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Convenience macros for the sake of set_task_state */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_KILLABLE (TASK_WAKEKILL | TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_STOPPED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_STOPPED)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> TASK_TRACED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_TRACED)</span> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li></ul>
5个互斥状态
state域能够取5个互为排斥的值（通俗一点就是这五个值任意两个不能一起使用，只能单独使用）。系统中的每个进程都必然处于以上所列进程状态中的一种。
| 状态 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| TASK_RUNNING | 表示进程要么正在执行，要么正要准备执行（已经就绪），正在等待cpu时间片的调度 |
| TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE | 进程因为等待一些条件而被挂起（阻塞）而所处的状态。这些条件主要包括：硬中断、资源、一些信号……，一旦等待的条件成立，进程就会从该状态（阻塞）迅速转化成为就绪状态TASK_RUNNING |
| TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE | 意义与TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE类似，除了不能通过接受一个信号来唤醒以外，对于处于TASK_UNINTERRUPIBLE状态的进程，哪怕我们传递一个信号或者有一个外部中断都不能唤醒他们。只有它所等待的资源可用的时候，他才会被唤醒。这个标志很少用，但是并不代表没有任何用处，其实他的作用非常大，特别是对于驱动刺探相关的硬件过程很重要，这个刺探过程不能被一些其他的东西给中断，否则就会让进城进入不可预测的状态 |
| TASK_STOPPED | 进程被停止执行，当进程接收到SIGSTOP、SIGTTIN、SIGTSTP或者SIGTTOU信号之后就会进入该状态 |
| TASK_TRACED | 表示进程被debugger等进程监视，进程执行被调试程序所停止，当一个进程被另外的进程所监视，每一个信号都会让进城进入该状态 |
2个终止状态
其实还有两个附加的进程状态既可以被添加到state域中，又可以被添加到exit_state域中。只有当进程终止的时候，才会达到这两种状态.
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* task state */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> exit_state; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> exit_code, exit_signal;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
| 状态 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| EXIT_ZOMBIE | 进程的执行被终止，但是其父进程还没有使用wait()等系统调用来获知它的终止信息，此时进程成为僵尸进程 |
| EXIT_DEAD | 进程的最终状态 |
而int exit_code, exit_signal;我们会在后面进程介绍
新增睡眠状态
参见
如前所述，进程状态 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 和 TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE 都是睡眠状态。现在，我们来看看内核如何将进程置为睡眠状态。
内核如何将进程置为睡眠状态。
Linux 内核提供了两种方法将进程置为睡眠状态。
将进程置为睡眠状态的普通方法是将进程状态设置为 TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE 或 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 并调用调度程序的 schedule() 函数。这样会将进程从 CPU 运行队列中移除。
-
如果进程处于可中断模式的睡眠状态（通过将其状态设置为 TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE），那么可以通过显式的唤醒呼叫（wakeup_process()）或需要处理的信号来唤醒它。
-
但是，如果进程处于非可中断模式的睡眠状态（通过将其状态设置为 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE），那么只能通过显式的唤醒呼叫将其唤醒。除非万不得已，否则我们建议您将进程置为可中断睡眠模式，而不是不可中断睡眠模式（比如说在设备 I/O 期间，处理信号非常困难时）。
当处于可中断睡眠模式的任务接收到信号时，它需要处理该信号（除非它已被屏弊），离开之前正在处理的任务（此处需要清除代码），并将 -EINTR 返回给用户空间。再一次，检查这些返回代码和采取适当操作的工作将由程序员完成。
因此，懒惰的程序员可能比较喜欢将进程置为不可中断模式的睡眠状态，因为信号不会唤醒这类任务。
但需要注意的一种情况是，对不可中断睡眠模式的进程的唤醒呼叫可能会由于某些原因不会发生，这会使进程无法被终止，从而最终引发问题，因为惟一的解决方法就是重启系统。一方面，您需要考虑一些细节，因为不这样做会在内核端和用户端引入 bug。另一方面，您可能会生成永远不会停止的进程（被阻塞且无法终止的进程）。
现在，我们在内核中实现了一种新的睡眠方法
Linux Kernel 2.6.25 引入了一种新的进程睡眠状态，
| 状态 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| TASK_KILLABLE | 当进程处于这种可以终止的新睡眠状态中，它的运行原理类似于 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE，只不过可以响应致命信号 |
它定义如下：
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define TASK_WAKEKILL 128 /** wake on signals that are deadly **/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Convenience macros for the sake of set_task_state */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define TASK_KILLABLE (TASK_WAKEKILL | TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define TASK_STOPPED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_STOPPED)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define TASK_TRACED (TASK_WAKEKILL | __TASK_TRACED)</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
换句话说，TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE + TASK_WAKEKILL = TASK_KILLABLE。
而TASK_WAKEKILL 用于在接收到致命信号时唤醒进程
新的睡眠状态允许 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 响应致命信号
进程状态的切换过程和原因大致如下图
进程标识符（PID）
<code class="hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pid_t pid; pid_t tgid; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
Unix系统通过pid来标识进程，linux把不同的pid与系统中每个进程或轻量级线程关联，而unix程序员希望同一组线程具有共同的pid，遵照这个标准linux引入线程组的概念。一个线程组所有线程与领头线程具有相同的pid，存入tgid字段，getpid()返回当前进程的tgid值而不是pid的值。
在CONFIG_BASE_SMALL配置为0的情况下，PID的取值范围是0到32767，即系统中的进程数最大为32768个。
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box;">define</span> PID_MAX_DEFAULT (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 0x1000 : 0x8000) </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
参见 http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/threads.h#L27
在Linux系统中，一个线程组中的所有线程使用和该线程组的领头线程（该组中的第一个轻量级进程）相同的PID，并被存放在tgid成员中。只有线程组的领头线程的pid成员才会被设置为与tgid相同的值。注意，getpid()系统调用返回的是当前进程的tgid值而不是pid值。
进程内核栈
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">stack</span>; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
内核栈与线程描述符
对每个进程，Linux内核都把两个不同的数据结构紧凑的存放在一个单独为进程分配的内存区域中
-
一个是内核态的进程堆栈，
-
另一个是紧挨着进程描述符的小数据结构thread_info，叫做线程描述符。
Linux把thread_info（线程描述符）和内核态的线程堆栈存放在一起，这块区域通常是8192K（占两个页框），其实地址必须是8192的整数倍。
在linux/arch/x86/include/asm/page_32_types.h中，
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define THREAD_SIZE_ORDER 1</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define THREAD_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE << THREAD_SIZE_ORDER)</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
出于效率考虑，内核让这8K空间占据连续的两个页框并让第一个页框的起始地址是213的倍数。
内核态的进程访问处于内核数据段的栈，这个栈不同于用户态的进程所用的栈。
用户态进程所用的栈，是在进程线性地址空间中；
而内核栈是当进程从用户空间进入内核空间时，特权级发生变化，需要切换堆栈，那么内核空间中使用的就是这个内核栈。因为内核控制路径使用很少的栈空间，所以只需要几千个字节的内核态堆栈。
需要注意的是，内核态堆栈仅用于内核例程，Linux内核另外为中断提供了单独的硬中断栈和软中断栈
下图中显示了在物理内存中存放两种数据结构的方式。线程描述符驻留与这个内存区的开始，而栈顶末端向下增长。 下图摘自ULK3,进程内核栈与进程描述符的关系如下图：
但是较新的内核代码中，进程描述符task_struct结构中没有直接指向thread_info结构的指针，而是用一个void指针类型的成员表示，然后通过类型转换来访问thread_info结构。
相关代码在include/linux/sched.h中
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define task_thread_info(task) ((struct thread_info *)(task)->stack)</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
在这个图中，esp寄存器是CPU栈指针，用来存放栈顶单元的地址。在80x86系统中，栈起始于顶端，并朝着这个内存区开始的方向增长。从用户态刚切换到内核态以后，进程的内核栈总是空的。因此，esp寄存器指向这个栈的顶端。一旦数据写入堆栈，esp的值就递减。
内核栈数据结构描述thread_info和thread_union
thread_info是体系结构相关的，结构的定义在thread_info.h中
| 架构 | 定义链接 |
|---|---|
| x86 | linux-4.5/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h, line 55 |
| arm | linux-4.5arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h, line 49 |
| arm64 | linux/4.5/arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h, line 47 |
Linux内核中使用一个联合体来表示一个进程的线程描述符和内核栈：
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">union</span> thread_union
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_info thread_info;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">stack</span>[THREAD_SIZE/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span>)];
};</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
获取当前在CPU上正在运行进程的thread_info
下面来说说如何通过esp栈指针来获取当前在CPU上正在运行进程的thread_info结构。
实际上，上面提到，thread_info结构和内核态堆栈是紧密结合在一起的，占据两个页框的物理内存空间。而且，这两个页框的起始起始地址是213对齐的。
早期的版本中，不需要对64位处理器的支持，所以，内核通过简单的屏蔽掉esp的低13位有效位就可以获得thread_info结构的基地址了。
我们在下面对比了，获取正在运行的进程的thread_info的实现方式
| 架构 | 版本 | 定义链接 | 实现方式 | 思路解析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x86 | 3.14 | current_thread_info(void) | return (struct thread_info *)(sp & ~(THREAD_SIZE - 1)); | 屏蔽了esp的低十三位，最终得到的是thread_info的地址 |
| x86 | 3.15 | current_thread_info(void) | ti = (void *)(this_cpu_read_stable(kernel_stack) + KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET - THREAD_SIZE); | |
| x86 | 4.1 | current_thread_info(void) | (struct thread_info *)(current_top_of_stack() - THREAD_SIZE); |
早期版本
当前的栈指针(current_stack_pointer == sp)就是esp，
THREAD_SIZE为8K，二进制的表示为0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000。
~(THREAD_SIZE-1)的结果刚好为1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000，第十三位是全为零，也就是刚好屏蔽了esp的低十三位，最终得到的是thread_info的地址。
进程最常用的是进程描述符结构task_struct而不是thread_info结构的地址。为了获取当前CPU上运行进程的task_struct结构，内核提供了current宏，由于task_struct *task在thread_info的起始位置，该宏本质上等价于current_thread_info()->task，在include/asm-generic/current.h中定义：
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define get_current() (current_thread_info()->task)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define current get_current()</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
这个定义是体系结构无关的，当然linux也为各个体系结构定义了更加方便或者快速的current
分配和销毁thread_info
进程通过alloc_thread_info_node函数分配它的内核栈，通过free_thread_info函数释放所分配的内核栈。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_info *alloc_thread_info_node(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_struct *tsk,
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> node)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> page *page = alloc_kmem_pages_node(node, THREADINFO_GFP,
THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> page ? page_address(page) : NULL;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">inline</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> free_thread_info(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_info *ti)
{
free_kmem_pages((<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span>)ti, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
}
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># else</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> kmem_cache *thread_info_cache;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_info *alloc_thread_info_node(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_struct *tsk,
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> node)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> kmem_cache_alloc_node(thread_info_cache, THREADINFO_GFP, node);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> free_thread_info(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_info *ti)
{
kmem_cache_free(thread_info_cache, ti);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li></ul>
其中，THREAD_SIZE_ORDER宏的定义请查看
| 架构 | 版本 | 定义链接 | 实现方式 | 思路解析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x86 | 4.5 | arch/x86/include/asm/page_32_types.h, line 20 | define THREAD_SIZE_ORDER 1 | __get_free_pages函数分配2个页的内存（它的首地址是8192字节对齐的） |
| x86_64 | 4.5 | arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h, line 10 | define THREAD_SIZE_ORDER (2 + KASAN_STACK_ORDER) |
进程标记
<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* per process flags, defined below */</span> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
反应进程状态的信息，但不是运行状态，用于内核识别进程当前的状态，以备下一步操作
flags成员的可能取值如下，这些宏以PF(ProcessFlag)开头
参见
http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h？v4.5#L2083
例如
PF_FORKNOEXEC 进程刚创建，但还没执行。
PF_SUPERPRIV 超级用户特权。
PF_DUMPCORE dumped core。
PF_SIGNALED 进程被信号(signal)杀出。
PF_EXITING 进程开始关闭。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * Per process flags */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_EXITING 0x00000004 /* getting shut down */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_EXITPIDONE 0x00000008 /* pi exit done on shut down */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_VCPU 0x00000010 /* I'm a virtual CPU */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_WQ_WORKER 0x00000020 /* I'm a workqueue worker */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_FORKNOEXEC 0x00000040 /* forked but didn't exec */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_MCE_PROCESS 0x00000080 /* process policy on mce errors */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_SUPERPRIV 0x00000100 /* used super-user privileges */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_DUMPCORE 0x00000200 /* dumped core */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_SIGNALED 0x00000400 /* killed by a signal */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_MEMALLOC 0x00000800 /* Allocating memory */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED 0x00001000 /* set_user noticed that RLIMIT_NPROC was exceeded */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_USED_MATH 0x00002000 /* if unset the fpu must be initialized before use */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_USED_ASYNC 0x00004000 /* used async_schedule*(), used by module init */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_NOFREEZE 0x00008000 /* this thread should not be frozen */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_FROZEN 0x00010000 /* frozen for system suspend */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_FSTRANS 0x00020000 /* inside a filesystem transaction */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_KSWAPD 0x00040000 /* I am kswapd */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO 0x00080000 /* Allocating memory without IO involved */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_LESS_THROTTLE 0x00100000 /* Throttle me less: I clean memory */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_KTHREAD 0x00200000 /* I am a kernel thread */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_RANDOMIZE 0x00400000 /* randomize virtual address space */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_SWAPWRITE 0x00800000 /* Allowed to write to swap */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_NO_SETAFFINITY 0x04000000 /* Userland is not allowed to meddle with cpus_allowed */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_MCE_EARLY 0x08000000 /* Early kill for mce process policy */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_MUTEX_TESTER 0x20000000 /* Thread belongs to the rt mutex tester */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_FREEZER_SKIP 0x40000000 /* Freezer should not count it as freezable */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PF_SUSPEND_TASK 0x80000000 /* this thread called freeze_processes and should not be frozen */</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>
表示进程亲属关系的成员
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * pointers to (original) parent process, youngest child, younger sibling, * older sibling, respectively. (p->father can be replaced with * p->real_parent->pid) */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_struct __rcu *real_parent; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* real parent process */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_struct __rcu *parent; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports */</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * children/sibling forms the list of my natural children */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head children; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* list of my children */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head sibling; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* linkage in my parent's children list */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_struct *group_leader; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* threadgroup leader */</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>
在Linux系统中，所有进程之间都有着直接或间接地联系，每个进程都有其父进程，也可能有零个或多个子进程。拥有同一父进程的所有进程具有兄弟关系。
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| real_parent | 指向其父进程，如果创建它的父进程不再存在，则指向PID为1的init进程 |
| parent | 指向其父进程，当它终止时，必须向它的父进程发送信号。它的值通常与real_parent相同 |
| children | 表示链表的头部，链表中的所有元素都是它的子进程 |
| sibling | 用于把当前进程插入到兄弟链表中 |
| group_leader | 指向其所在进程组的领头进程 |
ptrace系统调用
Ptrace 提供了一种父进程可以控制子进程运行，并可以检查和改变它的核心image。
它主要用于实现断点调试。一个被跟踪的进程运行中，直到发生一个信号。则进程被中止，并且通知其父进程。在进程中止的状态下，进程的内存空间可以被读写。父进程还可以使子进程继续执行，并选择是否是否忽略引起中止的信号。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> ptrace; ptraced is the <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">list</span> of tasks <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> task is <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> ptrace on. * This includes both natural children and PTRACE_ATTACH targets. * p->ptrace_entry is p<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'s link on the p->parent->ptraced list. */ struct list_head ptraced; struct list_head ptrace_entry; unsigned long ptrace_message; siginfo_t *last_siginfo; /* For ptrace use. */</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>
成员ptrace被设置为0时表示不需要被跟踪，它的可能取值如下：
参见
http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/ptrace.h?v=4.5#L20
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * Ptrace flags * * The owner ship rules for task->ptrace which holds the ptrace * flags is simple. When a task is running it owns it's task->ptrace * flags. When the a task is stopped the ptracer owns task->ptrace. */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_SEIZED 0x00010000 /* SEIZE used, enable new behavior */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_PTRACED 0x00000001</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_DTRACE 0x00000002 /* delayed trace (used on m68k, i386) */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_PTRACE_CAP 0x00000004 /* ptracer can follow suid-exec */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT 3</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* PT_TRACE_* event enable flags */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_EVENT_FLAG(event) (1 << (PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT + (event)))</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACESYSGOOD PT_EVENT_FLAG(0)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_FORK PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_FORK)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_VFORK PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_CLONE PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_EXEC PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_VFORK_DONE PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_EXIT PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_TRACE_SECCOMP PT_EVENT_FLAG(PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_EXITKILL (PTRACE_O_EXITKILL << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_SUSPEND_SECCOMP (PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP << PT_OPT_FLAG_SHIFT)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* single stepping state bits (used on ARM and PA-RISC) */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_SINGLESTEP_BIT 31</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_SINGLESTEP (1<<PT_SINGLESTEP_BIT)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_BLOCKSTEP_BIT 30</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define PT_BLOCKSTEP (1<<PT_BLOCKSTEP_BIT)</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>
Performance Event
Performance Event是一款随 Linux 内核代码一同发布和维护的性能诊断工具。这些成员用于帮助PerformanceEvent分析进程的性能问题。
<code class="hljs vala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> perf_event_context *perf_event_ctxp[perf_nr_task_contexts];
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> mutex perf_event_mutex;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head perf_event_list;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
关于Performance Event工具的介绍可参考文章http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-perf1/index.html?ca=drs-#major1和http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-perf2/index.html?ca=drs-#major1。
进程调度
优先级
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> prio, static_prio, normal_prio; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> rt_priority;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| static_prio | 用于保存静态优先级，可以通过nice系统调用来进行修改 |
| rt_priority | 用于保存实时优先级 |
| normal_prio | 的值取决于静态优先级和调度策略 |
| prio | 用于保存动态优先级 |
实时优先级范围是0到MAX_RT_PRIO-1（即99），而普通进程的静态优先级范围是从MAX_RT_PRIO到MAX_PRIO-1（即100到139）。值越大静态优先级越低。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched/prio.h#L21 */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define MAX_USER_RT_PRIO 100</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define MAX_RT_PRIO MAX_USER_RT_PRIO</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched/prio.h#L24 */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define MAX_PRIO (MAX_RT_PRIO + 40)</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define DEFAULT_PRIO (MAX_RT_PRIO + 20)</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
调度策略相关字段
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h?v=4.5#L1426 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> policy; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h?v=4.5#L1409 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class *sched_class; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_entity se; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_rt_entity rt; cpumask_t cpus_allowed;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| policy | 调度策略 |
| sched_class | 调度类 |
| se | 普通进程的调用实体，每个进程都有其中之一的实体 |
| rt | 实时进程的调用实体，每个进程都有其中之一的实体 |
| cpus_allowed | 用于控制进程可以在哪里处理器上运行 |
调度策略
policy表示进程的调度策略，目前主要有以下五种：
参见
http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/uapi/linux/sched.h？v=4.5#L36
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * Scheduling policies */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_NORMAL 0</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_FIFO 1</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_RR 2</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_BATCH 3</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* SCHED_ISO: reserved but not implemented yet */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_IDLE 5</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#define SCHED_DEADLINE 6</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 | 所在调度器类 |
|---|---|---|
| SCHED_NORMAL | （也叫SCHED_OTHER）用于普通进程，通过CFS调度器实现。SCHED_BATCH用于非交互的处理器消耗型进程。SCHED_IDLE是在系统负载很低时使用 | CFS |
| SCHED_BATCH | SCHED_NORMAL普通进程策略的分化版本。采用分时策略，根据动态优先级(可用nice()API设置），分配 CPU 运算资源。注意：这类进程比上述两类实时进程优先级低，换言之，在有实时进程存在时，实时进程优先调度。但针对吞吐量优化 | CFS |
| SCHED_IDLE | 优先级最低，在系统空闲时才跑这类进程(如利用闲散计算机资源跑地外文明搜索，蛋白质结构分析等任务，是此调度策略的适用者） | CFS |
| SCHED_FIFO | 先入先出调度算法（实时调度策略），相同优先级的任务先到先服务，高优先级的任务可以抢占低优先级的任务 | RT |
| SCHED_RR | 轮流调度算法（实时调度策略），后 者提供 Roound-Robin 语义，采用时间片，相同优先级的任务当用完时间片会被放到队列尾部，以保证公平性，同样，高优先级的任务可以抢占低优先级的任务。不同要求的实时任务可以根据需要用sched_setscheduler()API 设置策略 | RT |
| SCHED_DEADLINE | 新支持的实时进程调度策略，针对突发型计算，且对延迟和完成时间高度敏感的任务适用。基于Earliest Deadline First (EDF) 调度算法 |
调度类
sched_class结构体表示调度类，目前内核中有实现以下四种：
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extern</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class stop_sched_class; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extern</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class dl_sched_class; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extern</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class rt_sched_class; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extern</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class fair_sched_class; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extern</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_class idle_sched_class;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
| 调度器类 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| idle_sched_class | 每个cup的第一个pid=0线程：swapper，是一个静态线程。调度类属于：idel_sched_class，所以在ps里面是看不到的。一般运行在开机过程和cpu异常的时候做dump |
| stop_sched_class | 优先级最高的线程，会中断所有其他线程，且不会被其他任务打断。作用：1.发生在cpu_stop_cpu_callback 进行cpu之间任务migration；2.HOTPLUG_CPU的情况下关闭任务。 |
| rt_sched_class | RT，作用：实时线程 |
| fair_sched_class | CFS（公平），作用：一般常规线程 |
目前系統中,Scheduling Class的优先级顺序为StopTask > RealTime > Fair > IdleTask
开发者可以根据己的设计需求,來把所属的Task配置到不同的Scheduling Class中.
进程地址空间
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h?V=4.5#L1453 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> mm_struct *mm, *active_mm; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* per-thread vma caching */</span> u32 vmacache_seqnum; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> vm_area_struct *vmacache[VMACACHE_SIZE]; <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#if defined(SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_rss_stat rss_stat; <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/sched.h?V=4.5#L1484 */</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> brk_randomized:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| mm | 进程所拥有的用户空间内存描述符，内核线程无的mm为NULL |
| active_mm | active_mm指向进程运行时所使用的内存描述符， 对于普通进程而言，这两个指针变量的值相同。但是内核线程kernel thread是没有进程地址空间的，所以内核线程的tsk->mm域是空（NULL）。但是内核必须知道用户空间包含了什么，因此它的active_mm成员被初始化为前一个运行进程的active_mm值。 |
| brk_randomized | 用来确定对随机堆内存的探测。参见LKML上的介绍 |
| rss_stat | 用来记录缓冲信息 |
因此如果当前内核线程被调度之前运行的也是另外一个内核线程时候，那么其mm和avtive_mm都是NULL
判断标志
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> exit_code, exit_signal; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> pdeath_signal; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* The signal sent when the parent dies */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> jobctl; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* JOBCTL_*, siglock protected */</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Used for emulating ABI behavior of previous Linux versions */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> personality; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* scheduler bits, serialized by scheduler locks */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> sched_reset_on_fork:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> sched_contributes_to_load:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> sched_migrated:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> :<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* force alignment to the next boundary */</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* unserialized, strictly 'current' */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> in_execve:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* bit to tell LSMs we're in execve */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> in_iowait:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| exit_code | 用于设置进程的终止代号，这个值要么是_exit()或exit_group()系统调用参数（正常终止），要么是由内核提供的一个错误代号（异常终止）。 |
| exit_signal | 被置为-1时表示是某个线程组中的一员。只有当线程组的最后一个成员终止时，才会产生一个信号，以通知线程组的领头进程的父进程。 |
| pdeath_signal | 用于判断父进程终止时发送信号。 |
| personality | 用于处理不同的ABI，参见Linux-Man |
| in_execve | 用于通知LSM是否被do_execve()函数所调用。详见补丁说明，参见LKML |
| in_iowait | 用于判断是否进行iowait计数 |
| sched_reset_on_fork | 用于判断是否恢复默认的优先级或调度策略 |
时间
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">cputime_t utime, stime, utimescaled, stimescaled;
cputime_t gtime;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> prev_cputime prev_cputime;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN</span>
seqcount_t vtime_seqcount;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> vtime_snap;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">enum</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Task is sleeping or running in a CPU with VTIME inactive */</span>
VTIME_INACTIVE = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Task runs in userspace in a CPU with VTIME active */</span>
VTIME_USER,
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Task runs in kernelspace in a CPU with VTIME active */</span>
VTIME_SYS,
} vtime_snap_whence;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> nvcsw, nivcsw; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* context switch counts */</span>
u64 start_time; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* monotonic time in nsec */</span>
u64 real_start_time; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* boot based time in nsec */</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> min_flt, maj_flt;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_cputime cputime_expires;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head cpu_timers[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>];
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* process credentials */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> cred __rcu *real_cred; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* objective and real subjective task
* credentials (COW) */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> cred __rcu *cred; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* effective (overridable) subjective task
* credentials (COW) */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* executable name excluding path
- access with [gs]et_task_comm (which lock
it with task_lock())
- initialized normally by setup_new_exec */</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* file system info */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> nameidata *nameidata;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* ipc stuff */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sysv_sem sysvsem;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sysv_shm sysvshm;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* hung task detection */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> last_switch_count;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| utime/stime | 用于记录进程在用户态/内核态下所经过的节拍数（定时器） |
| prev_utime/prev_stime | 先前的运行时间，请参考LKML的补丁说明 |
| utimescaled/stimescaled | 用于记录进程在用户态/内核态的运行时间，但它们以处理器的频率为刻度 |
| gtime | 以节拍计数的虚拟机运行时间（guest time） |
| nvcsw/nivcsw | 是自愿（voluntary）/非自愿（involuntary）上下文切换计数 |
| last_switch_count | nvcsw和nivcsw的总和 |
| start_time/real_start_time | 进程创建时间，real_start_time还包含了进程睡眠时间，常用于/proc/pid/stat，补丁说明请参考LKML |
| cputime_expires | 用来统计进程或进程组被跟踪的处理器时间，其中的三个成员对应着cpu_timers[3]的三个链表 |
信号处理
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* signal handlers */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> signal_struct *signal; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sighand_struct *sighand; <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1583</span> sigset_t blocked, real_blocked; sigset_t saved_sigmask; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* restored if set_restore_sigmask() was used */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sigpending pending; <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1587</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> sas_ss_sp; size_t sas_ss_size;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| signal | 指向进程的信号描述符 |
| sighand | 指向进程的信号处理程序描述符 |
| blocked | 表示被阻塞信号的掩码，real_blocked表示临时掩码 |
| pending | 存放私有挂起信号的数据结构 |
| sas_ss_sp | 是信号处理程序备用堆栈的地址，sas_ss_size表示堆栈的大小 |
其他
（1）、用于保护资源分配或释放的自旋锁
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Protection of (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings, mems_allowed,
* mempolicy */</span>
spinlock_t alloc_lock;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（2）、进程描述符使用计数，被置为2时，表示进程描述符正在被使用而且其相应的进程处于活动状态
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">atomic_t usage;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（3）、用于表示获取大内核锁的次数，如果进程未获得过锁，则置为-1。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> lock_depth; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* BKL lock depth */</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（4）、在SMP上帮助实现无加锁的进程切换（unlocked context switches）
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_SMP</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> oncpu;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
（5）、preempt_notifier结构体链表
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* list of struct preempt_notifier: */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> hlist_head preempt_notifiers;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
（6）、FPU使用计数
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> fpu_counter; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（7）、 blktrace是一个针对Linux内核中块设备I/O层的跟踪工具。
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> btrace_seq;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（8）、RCU同步原语
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> rcu_read_lock_nesting;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> rcu_read_unlock_special;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head rcu_node_entry;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */ </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU */ </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> rt_mutex *rcu_boost_mutex;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
（9）、用于调度器统计进程的运行信息
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#if defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS) || defined(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT) </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sched_info sched_info;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（10）、用于构建进程链表
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head tasks; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（11）、to limit pushing to one attempt
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_SMP </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> plist_node pushable_tasks;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
补丁说明请参考：http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0808.3/0503.html
（12）、防止内核堆栈溢出
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Canary value for the -fstack-protector gcc feature */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> stack_canary;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
在GCC编译内核时，需要加上-fstack-protector选项。
（13）、PID散列表和链表
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* PID/PID hash table linkage. */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> pid_link pids[PIDTYPE_MAX]; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head thread_group; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//线程组中所有进程的链表 </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（14）、do_fork函数
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> completion *vfork_done; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* for vfork() */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> __user *set_child_tid; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> __user *clear_child_tid; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID */</span> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
在执行do_fork()时，如果给定特别标志，则vfork_done会指向一个特殊地址。
如果copy_process函数的clone_flags参数的值被置为CLONE_CHILD_SETTID或CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID，则会把child_tidptr参数的值分别复制到set_child_tid和clear_child_tid成员。这些标志说明必须改变子进程用户态地址空间的child_tidptr所指向的变量的值。
（15）、缺页统计
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> min_flt, maj_flt; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（16）、进程权能
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> cred __rcu *real_cred; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* objective and real subjective task
* credentials (COW) */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> cred __rcu *cred; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* effective (overridable) subjective task
* credentials (COW) */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> cred *replacement_session_keyring; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* for KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT */</span> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
（17）、相应的程序名
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（18）、文件
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* file system info */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> link_count, total_link_count;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* filesystem information */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> fs_struct *fs;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* open file information */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> files_struct *files; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
fs用来表示进程与文件系统的联系，包括当前目录和根目录。
files表示进程当前打开的文件。
（19）、进程通信（SYSVIPC）
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* ipc stuff */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> sysv_sem sysvsem;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
（20）、处理器特有数据
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* CPU-specific state of this task */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> thread_struct thread; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（21）、命名空间
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* namespaces */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> nsproxy *nsproxy; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（22）、进程审计
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> audit_context *audit_context;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL </span>
uid_t loginuid;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> sessionid;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
（23）、secure computing
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">seccomp_t seccomp; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（24）、用于copy_process函数使用CLONE_PARENT 标记时
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Thread group tracking */</span>
u32 parent_exec_id;
u32 self_exec_id; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（25）、中断
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* IRQ handler threads */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> irqaction *irqaction;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> irq_events;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> hardirq_enable_ip;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> hardirq_disable_ip;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> hardirq_enable_event;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> hardirq_disable_event;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> hardirqs_enabled;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> hardirq_context;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> softirq_disable_ip;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> softirq_enable_ip;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> softirq_disable_event;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> softirq_enable_event;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> softirqs_enabled;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> softirq_context;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>
（26）、task_rq_lock函数所使用的锁
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Protection of the PI data structures: */</span> raw_spinlock_t pi_lock; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（27）、基于PI协议的等待互斥锁，其中PI指的是priority inheritance（优先级继承）
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* PI waiters blocked on a rt_mutex held by this task */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> plist_head pi_waiters;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Deadlock detection and priority inheritance handling */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> rt_mutex_waiter *pi_blocked_on;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
（28）、死锁检测
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* mutex deadlock detection */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> mutex_waiter *blocked_on;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
（29）、lockdep，参见内核说明文档linux-2.6.38.8/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># define MAX_LOCK_DEPTH 48UL </span>
u64 curr_chain_key;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> lockdep_depth;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> lockdep_recursion;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH];
gfp_t lockdep_reclaim_gfp;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
（30）、JFS文件系统
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* journalling filesystem info */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *journal_info; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（31）、块设备链表
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* stacked block device info */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> bio_list *bio_list; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（32）、内存回收
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> reclaim_state *reclaim_state; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（33）、存放块设备I/O数据流量信息
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（34）、I/O调度器所使用的信息
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> io_context *io_context; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（35）、记录进程的I/O计数
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_io_accounting ioac; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> defined(CONFIG_TASK_XACCT) u64 acct_rss_mem1; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* accumulated rss usage */</span> u64 acct_vm_mem1; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* accumulated virtual memory usage */</span> cputime_t acct_timexpd; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* stime + utime since last update */</span> endif </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
在Ubuntu 11.04上，执行cat获得进程1的I/O计数如下：
输出的数据项刚好是task_io_accounting结构体的所有成员。
（36）、CPUSET功能
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS </span>
nodemask_t mems_allowed; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Protected by alloc_lock */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> mems_allowed_change_disable;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> cpuset_mem_spread_rotor;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> cpuset_slab_spread_rotor;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
（37）、Control Groups
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Control Group info protected by css_set_lock */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> css_set __rcu *cgroups;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head cg_list;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR /* memcg uses this to do batch job */ </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> memcg_batch_info {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> do_batch; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* incremented when batch uncharge started */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> mem_cgroup *memcg; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* target memcg of uncharge */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> bytes; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* uncharged usage */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> memsw_bytes; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* uncharged mem+swap usage */</span>
} memcg_batch;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>
（38）、futex同步机制
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> robust_list_head __user *robust_list;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> compat_robust_list_head __user *compat_robust_list;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head pi_state_list;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> futex_pi_state *pi_state_cache;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
（39）、非一致内存访问（NUMA Non-Uniform Memory Access）
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> mempolicy *mempolicy; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Protected by alloc_lock */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">short</span> il_next;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
（40）、文件系统互斥资源
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">atomic_t fs_excl; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* holding fs exclusive resources */</span> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（41）、RCU链表
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> rcu_head rcu; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（42）、管道
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> pipe_inode_info *splice_pipe; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（43）、延迟计数
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> task_delay_info *delays; <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（44）、fault injection，参考内核说明文件linux-2.6.38.8/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> make_it_fail;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
（45）、FLoating proportions
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> prop_local_single dirties;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（46）、Infrastructure for displayinglatency
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> latency_record_count;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT];
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
（47）、time slack values，常用于poll和select函数
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> timer_slack_ns; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> default_timer_slack_ns; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
（48）、socket控制消息（control message）
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> list_head *scm_work_list; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
（49）、ftrace跟踪器
<code class="language-c hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Index of current stored address in ret_stack */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> curr_ret_stack;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Stack of return addresses for return function tracing */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* time stamp for last schedule */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> ftrace_timestamp;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*
* Number of functions that haven't been traced
* because of depth overrun.
*/</span>
atomic_t trace_overrun;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* Pause for the tracing */</span>
atomic_t tracing_graph_pause;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif </span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING </span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* state flags for use by tracers */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> trace;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* bitmask of trace recursion */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> trace_recursion;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */ </span></code>
332
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
