glibc strlen 实现

glibc中的strlen的实现主要的思想就是每次检测4个字节(long int)。这样的话就降低了循环的次数,从而从整体上提高了效率。

  这里它使用了两个技巧,一个是由于传进来的字符串的地址有可能不是4字节(long int)对其的,因此首先需要遍历字符串从而找到4字节对其的那个地址。然后再进行比较.

  第二个技巧就是如何高效的判断4个字节中是否有字节为0.

  下来来看源码,这个源码的注释还是满详细的。这里主要都是一些位计算的技巧:

  Java代码

size_t 
strlen (str) 
   const char *str; 
{ 
 const char *char_ptr; 
 const unsigned long int *longword_ptr; 
 unsigned long int longword, himagic, lomagic; 
 
 /* Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time. 
   Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary. */ 
 
 for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr 
  & (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0; 
    ++char_ptr) 
  if (*char_ptr == '/0') 
   return char_ptr - str; 
 
 /* All these elucidatory comments refer to 4-byte longwords, 
   but the theory applies equally well to 8-byte longwords. */ 
 
 longword_ptr = (unsigned long int *) char_ptr; 
 
 /* Bits 31, 24, 16, and 8 of this number are zero. Call these bits 
   the "holes." Note that there is a hole just to the left of 
   each byte, with an extra at the end: 
 
   bits: 01111110 11111110 11111110 11111111 
   bytes: AAAAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD 
 
   The 1-bits make sure that carries propagate to the next 0-bit. 
   The 0-bits provide holes for carries to fall into. */ 
 himagic = 0x80808080L; 
 lomagic = 0x01010101L; 
 if (sizeof (longword) > 4) 
  { 
   /* 64-bit version of the magic. */ 
   /* Do the shift in two steps to avoid a warning if long has 32 bits. */ 
   himagic = ((himagic << 16) << 16) | himagic; 
   lomagic = ((lomagic << 16) << 16) | lomagic; 
  } 
 if (sizeof (longword) > 8) 
  abort (); 
 
 /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each character, 
   we will test a longword at a time. The tricky part is testing 
   if *any of the four* bytes in the longword in question are zero. */ 
 for (;;) 
  { 
   longword = *longword_ptr++; 
 
   if (((longword - lomagic) & ~longword & himagic) != 0) 
 { 
  /* Which of the bytes was the zero? If none of them were, it was 
   a misfire; continue the search. */ 
 
  const char *cp = (const char *) (longword_ptr - 1); 
 
  if (cp[0] == 0) 
   return cp - str; 
  if (cp[1] == 0) 
   return cp - str + 1; 
  if (cp[2] == 0) 
   return cp - str + 2; 
  if (cp[3] == 0) 
   return cp - str + 3; 
  if (sizeof (longword) > 4) 
   { 
    if (cp[4] == 0) 
 return cp - str + 4; 
    if (cp[5] == 0) 
 return cp - str + 5; 
    if (cp[6] == 0) 
 return cp - str + 6; 
    if (cp[7] == 0) 
 return cp - str + 7; 
   } 
 } 
  } 
}

 代码比较长,不过注释也比较详细,这里主要分析下两个位运算:

 for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr 
  & (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0; 
    ++char_ptr) 
  if (*char_ptr == '/0') 
   return char_ptr - str;

  这里是做一个循环来判断4-byte对齐的那个地址,这里一般的编译器传递进来的字符串指针都是4-byte对其的,因此这步在很多编译器都是跳过的.

  下来来看如何在4字节的数字中判断是否有某个字节为0.

  Java代码

 himagic = 0x80808080L; 
 lomagic = 0x01010101L; 
if (((longword - lomagic) & ~longword & himagic) != 0) 

  这里分两个部分看.

  第一部分(longword - lomagic) 这个表达式是用来判断最高位的,它的意思是: 如果longword的任何一个字节如果大于0x80或者等于0的情况下,它的这个字节的最高位的值都会是不等于0的.

  第二部分(~longword & himagic)这个表达式是用来判断longword的每个字节的最高位的设置,也就是判断longword是否小于0x80,如果小于0x80则这个表达式的值是himagic(0x80808080).否则就是0.

  因此这两部分合并起来刚好就是如果longword的某个字节小于0x80,并且某个字节为0,则整个表达式的值不为0.

  而我们知道传进来的字符串的每个字符的大小的ascii码的范围就是[0,127],也就是肯定是小于0x80的.所以这个表达式就刚好是我们所要的.

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