具体流程:
步骤如下:
用户端发送请求request后
请求到达dispatcherServlet。
dispatcherServlet会怎么处理这个请求,它有什么作用?
dispatcherServlet会转发给其他处理器处理,它本身并不对请求作任何处理,在整个任务流程中只负责调度工作,控制处理流程。
它做了什么调度工作?
①在接收到request后 请求HandlerMapping根据XML配置文件或者注解去找到对应的Handler处理器(一个)及Interceptor拦截器(多个),并将它们封装在HandlerExecutionChain对象内,再返回给 dispatcherServlet。
handler:所谓的handler在这里,是指包含了我们请求的Controller类和Method方法的对象。
深究handler和intercepter的定义可看:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenjunjie12321/articles/6118426.html
②DispatcherServlet把handler发送给HandlerAdapter,HandlerAdapter会调用合适的handle方法利用java的反射机制执行controller的具体方法来获得ModelAndView(springmvc的底层对象,包括model和view),并把ModelAndView传回DispatcherServlet。
可看具体实现步骤:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38399962/article/details/85288660
③DispatcherServlet把ModelAndView的View传给ViewResolver进行视图解析,根据逻辑视图名解析成真正的视图(jsp)
④DispatcherServlet把ModelAndView的Model传给View进行视图渲染,视图渲染把ModelAndView中的模型数据在填充到request域中,最后渲染完成再发回DispatcherServlet。
⑤DispatcherServlet发送响应结果,完成一次请求。
所以根据以上步骤我们要配置什么信息?
新建javaweb项目并导入相应的jar包:
①配置DispatcherServlet信息
在javaweb项目的webContent的WEB-INF目录下的web.xml中配置如下信息:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>springmvctest</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
②在class路径即src目录下新建springmvc.xml文件并配置处理器映射器、处理器适配器 和 视图解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 处理器适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 处理器映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- ViewResolver 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 查找视图页面的前缀和后缀 , 加上前缀后缀后即jsp文件相对于服务器的根目录的路径 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
<!-- 如上我设置服务器的根目录为WebContent,jsp文件放在WebContent目录下的view目录中,则jsp
文件的路径就是/view/某jsp文件名.jsp -->
</bean>
<!-- 自己编写处理器Handler -->
<bean name="/hello.action" class="com.ttc.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
测试如下:
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("message", "测试成功!");
mav.setViewName("hello");
return mav;
}
}
jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
测试结果:${message}
</body>
</html>
输出结果:
实现是实现了,但是以上配置一堆东西太麻烦了,所以有了注解方式使用@RequestMapping来映射请求
首先配置注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 自动扫描com.springmvctest包的注解的bean,并把它们加入到bean中 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvctest"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 以下两个可以用 <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> 代替 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean>
</beans>
编写测试类:
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("anno")
public class annotationmap {
@RequestMapping("/queryItem")
public ModelAndView query() throws Exception{
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("message", "这里是注解方式!");
mav.setViewName("hello");
return mav;
}
}
测试结果: