Mongo使用笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 23:17:21 发布

SonOfWind0311

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 23:17:21 发布

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1、查询语句
左边是mongodb查询语句，右边是sql语句。对照着用，挺方便。

Mongo查询语句	SQL语句
db.users.find()	select * from users
db.users.find({“age” : 27})	select * from users where age = 27
db.users.find({“username” : “joe”, “age” : 27})	select * from users where “username” = “joe” and age = 27
db.users.find({}, {“username” : 1, “email” : 1})	select username, email from users
db.users.find({}, {“username” : 1, “_id” : 0}) // no case // 即使加上了列筛选，_id也会返回；必须显式的阻止_id返回	select username from users
db.users.find({“age” : {"$gte" : 18, “$lte” : 30}})	select * from users where age >=18 and age <= 30 // $lt(<) $lte(<=) $gt(>) $gte(>=)
db.users.find({“username” : {"$ne" : “joe”}})	select * from users where username <> “joe”
db.users.find({“ticket_no” : {"$in" : [725, 542, 390]}})	select * from users where ticket_no in (725, 542, 390)
db.users.find({“ticket_no” : {"$nin" : [725, 542, 390]}})	select * from users where ticket_no not in (725, 542, 390)
db.users.find({"$or" : [{“ticket_no” : 725}, {“winner” : true}]})	select * form users where ticket_no = 725 or winner = true
db.users.find({“id_num” : {"$mod" : [5, 1]}})	select * from users where (id_num mod 5) = 1
db.users.find({"$not": {“age” : 27}})	select * from users where not (age = 27)
db.users.find({“username” : {"$in" : [null], “$exists” : true}})	select * from users where username is null // 如果直接通过find({“username” : null})进行查询，那么连带"没有username"的纪录一并筛选出来
db.users.find({“name” : /joey?/i}) // 正则查询，value是符合PCRE的表达式
db.food.find({fruit : {$all : [“apple”, “banana”]}}) // 对数组的查询, 字段fruit中，既包含"apple",又包含"banana"的纪录
db.food.find({“fruit.2” : “peach”}) // 对数组的查询, 字段fruit中，第3个(从0开始)元素是peach的纪录
db.food.find({“fruit” : {" $KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '}' at position 10: size" : 3}̲}) // 对数组的查询, 查\dots$ size前面无法和其他的操作符复合使用
db.users.findOne(criteria, {“comments” : {“ $KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '}' at position 12: slice" : 10}̲}) // 对数组的查询，只返\dots$ slice” : -10}， {"$slice" : [23, 10]}; 分别返回最后10条，和中间10条
db.people.find({“name.first” : “Joe”, “name.last” : “Schmoe”}) // 嵌套查询
db.blog.find({“comments” : {“ $KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: \dots", "score" : {"$ gte” : 5}}}}) // 嵌套查询，仅当嵌套的元素是数组时使用,
db.foo.find({" $KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '}' at position 33: \dots+ this.y == 10"}̲) // 复杂的查询，$ where当然是非常方便的，但效率低下。对于复杂查询，考虑的顺序应当是正则 -> MapReduce -> $where
db.foo.find({"$where" : “function() { return this.x + this.y == 10; }”}) // $where可以支持javascript函数作为查询条件
db.foo.find().sort({“x” : 1}).limit(1).skip(10); // 返回第(10, 11]条，按"x"进行排序; 三个limit的顺序是任意的，应该尽量避免skip中使用large-number

查询语句语法：
MongoDB查询语句（转）
MongoDB 查询文档

参考：
MongoDB简单查询语句

2、 MongoDB服务启动问题
安装mongod之后配置/etc/mongod.conf如下：

# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

# Where and how to store data.
storage:
#  dbPath: /var/lib/mongodb
  dbPath: /opt/database/mongodb
  journal:
    enabled: true
#  engine:
#  mmapv1:
#  wiredTiger:

# how the process runs
processManagement:
  fork: true  # fork and run in background
  pidFilePath: /var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile

通过service mongod start启动服务报错：

[root@localhost log]# systemctl status mongod
● mongod.service - High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-06-06 10:30:25 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Process: 7338 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7339 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7340 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7341 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database...
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain mongod[7341]: about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain mongod[7341]: forked process: 7343
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain mongod[7341]: ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 1
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
6月 06 10:30:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database.

到/var/log/mongodb目录下查看日志，发现目录不存在：原来mongod服务不能自行创建目录，手工创建目录后直接执行命令行启动mongod，仍旧报错：

[root@localhost log]# mkdir mongodb
[root@localhost log]# chown mongod:mongod mongodb

[root@localhost log]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 7485
ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 100
  
vi /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

2019-06-06T10:33:31.122+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 29 Data directory /opt/database/mongodb not found., terminating

创建数据目录后再次执行，成功：

[root@localhost lxca]# mkdir -p /opt/database/mongodb

[root@localhost mongodb]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 7633
child process started successfully, parent exiting

手工杀掉进程后通过服务方式启动：

[root@localhost mongodb]# ps -ef | grep mongo
root      7633     1  0 10:36 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
root      7670   934  0 10:36 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo
[root@localhost mongodb]# kill -9 7633
[root@localhost mongodb]# ps -ef | grep mongo
root      7687   934  0 10:37 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo


[root@localhost mongodb]# service mongod start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mongod.service
Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mongod.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.


[root@localhost mongodb]# systemctl status mongod
● mongod.service - High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-06-06 10:37:33 CST; 20s ago
     Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Process: 7718 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7719 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7720 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 7721 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database...
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain mongod[7721]: about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain mongod[7721]: forked process: 7723
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain mongod[7721]: ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 1
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
6月 06 10:37:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database.

查看/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log，虽然日志文件存在，但是没有新的日志内容，查看权限：

[root@localhost mongodb]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4983  6月  6 10:36 mongod.log

发现文件所属用户/组是root，删除后重新执行：

[root@localhost mongodb]# rm -rf mongod.log 
[root@localhost mongodb]# service mongod start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mongod.service
Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mongod.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

虽然仍旧失败，但是日志正常生成：

2019-06-06T10:39:22.528+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 20 Attempted to create a lock file on a read-only directory: /opt/database/mongodb, terminating

修改目录属主后仍旧失败：

[root@localhost database]# chown mongod:mongod mongodb

2019-06-06T10:41:16.818+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 20 Attempted to create a lock file on a read-only directory: /opt/database/mongodb, terminating

删除mongodb目录下的内容后仍旧失败，但不是数据文件的问题了：

[root@localhost database]# cd mongodb/
[root@localhost mongodb]# rm -rf *

2019-06-06T10:42:48.102+0800 E NETWORK  [initandlisten] Failed to unlink socket file /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock Operation not permitted

删除sock文件后，终于成功：

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -rf /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock 

[root@localhost mongodb]# service mongod start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mongod.service
[root@localhost mongodb]# ps -ef | grep mongo
mongod    8122     1  1 10:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
root      8143   934  0 10:44 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo

总结：

mongo数据库的日志目录和数据文件目录需要先创建好，并且属主为mongod:mongod
一般错误都可以通过查看日志找到（日志在/etc/mongod.conf中配置），如果日志找不到或者没有更新，需要首先解决日志问题。
日志问题：一是目录需要存在，二是目录属主需要是mongod:mongod，如果日志文件已经存在，则日志文件属主也需要是mongod:mongod
SELinux：打开SELinux会导致相应目录没有权限导致错误（ [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 20 Attempted to create a lock file on a read-only directory: /opt/database/mongodb, terminating）