C++ Primer 第五版 第7章类 7.1——类讲解（成员函数、非成员函数、构造函数）习题答案

理论讲解请参考：C++ Primer 第五版 第7章类 7.1——类讲解（成员函数、非成员函数、构造函数） 

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目录

7.1 定义抽象数据类型习题答案

7.4&7.5

7.6&7.7 

7.8

7.9

7.10 

7.15

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7.1 定义抽象数据类型习题答案

7.4&7.5

应该定义为const类型，这里没有涉及到对对象的修改。考点：是否设置const类型——是否对其修改，无修改就是const类型

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
    // 类成员，姓名和住址
    string name;
    string address;

    //类成员函数
    string getname() const 
    { 
        return name; 
    } //返回姓名
    string getaddress() const 
    { 
        return address; 
    } //返回住址
};


int main()
{
    Person p;
    cout << "Please enter a name: ";
    cin >> p.name;
    cout << "Please enter an address ";
    cin >> p.address;
    cout << p.getname()<<"'s address " <<"is "<<p.getaddress()<<endl;
}

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7.6&7.7 

# include <iostream>
# include <string>
# include <vector>
# include <typeinfo> 
using namespace std;

struct Sales_data{
    // 类成员，ISBN,卖的数量
    string bookNo;
    unsigned units_sold = 0;
    double revenue = 0.0;

    //类成员函数
    string isbn() const { return bookNo; }   //返回ISBN号
    (Sales_data&) combine(const Sales_data &rhs); //相加
    double ave_price() const;  //求平均值
};

//Sales_data的非成员接口函数,声明
ostream &print(ostream &, const Sales_data&);
istream &read(istream &, Sales_data&);

//类成员函数，相加两个对象
Sales_data& Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data &rhs){
    units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
    revenue += rhs.revenue;
    return *this;
}

//类成员函数，求平均
double Sales_data::ave_price() const{
    if (units_sold)
        return (revenue / units_sold);
    else
        return 0;

}

//非成员函数读取操作
istream &read(istream &is, Sales_data &item){
    double price = 0;
    is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
    item.revenue = price * item.units_sold;
    return is;
}

//非成员函数输出操作
ostream &print(ostream &os, const Sales_data &item){
    os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " "
       << item.revenue << " " << item.ave_price();
    return os;
}

int main()
{
    Sales_data total;
    if (read(cin, total)){
        Sales_data trans;
        while (read(cin, trans)){
            if (total.bookNo == trans.bookNo)
                total.combine(trans);
            else{
                print(cout, total) << endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        print(cout, total) << endl;
    }
    else
        cerr << "No data ?!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

---

7.8

read涉及到对对象的写入，print并么有对其进行修改，只是读取（普通常量引用和常量引用的区别：是否改变）

---

7.9

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
    // 类成员，姓名和住址
    string name;
    string address;

    //类成员函数
    string getname() const 
    { 
        return name; 
    } //返回姓名
    string getaddress() const 
    { 
        return address; 
    } //返回住址
};


//非成员函数读取操作
istream &read(istream &is, Person &item){
    is >> item.name >> item.address;
    return is;
}

//非成员函数输出操作
ostream &print(ostream &os, const Person &item){
    os << item.name<<"'s address is ";
    os << item.address;
    return os;
}

int main()
{
    Person p;
    read(cin, p);
    print(cout, p);
}

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7.10 

同时判断两次读取对象的操作

---

7.15

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
    Person(const string &Name,const string &Adress) :name(Name),address(Adress){}; //构造函数
    Person(); // 默认构造函数
    // 类成员，姓名和住址
    string name;
    string address;

    //类成员函数
    string getname() const 
    { 
        return name; 
    } //返回姓名
    string getaddress() const 
    { 
        return address; 
    } //返回住址
};


//非成员函数读取操作
istream &read(istream &is, Person &item){
    is >> item.name >> item.address;
    return is;
}

//非成员函数输出操作
ostream &print(ostream &os, const Person &item){
    os << item.name<<"'s address is ";
    os << item.address;
    return os;
}

int main()
{
    Person p;
    cout << "Please enter a name: ";
    cin >> p.name;
    cout << "Please enter an address ";
    cin >> p.address;
    cout << p.getname()<<"'s address " <<"is "<<p.getaddress()<<endl;
}