java 的一次性图形验证码

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已于 2022-05-03 15:17:45 修改

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分类专栏： § -- JavaEE 文章标签：原创

于 2018-06-16 14:26:43 首次发布

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1.首先先写一个把绘制的图片保存到本地的,后面用servlet展现在页面上.

2.绘制验证码到本地保存,再写把验证码保存到Servlet的页面.

绘制图片 将绘制的图片保存到本地保存.

package junit.test;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

import org.junit.Test;
import cn.itcast.VCode;

public class Demo1 {
	
	@Test
	public void fun1() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
		//创建一张内存中的图片
		BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(100, 35, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		
		//获取当前图片的画笔
		Graphics g = img.getGraphics();				//画笔
		
		//g.setColor(new Color(240,240,240));         //背景色
		//g.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 35);
		
		//g.setColor(Color.CYAN);					//颜色
		//g.drawLine(5, 5, 100-5, 35-5);				//直线
		//g.drawRect(5, 5, 90, 25);					//矩形
		//g.fillRect(5, 5, 90, 25);					//填充
		g.setFont(new Font("幼圆",Font.BOLD,26));
		g.drawString("董老师", 5, 28);
		
		//保存图片
		ImageIO.write(img, "JPEG", new FileOutputStream("E:\\a.jpg"));
	}
	
}

E盘就会生成一个jpg的图片,E:\\a.jpg

如何将董老师图片输出到web页面呢,那么需要create一个Servlet,这里我create一个DongServlet用来绘制董老师这张图片,DongServlet的代码如下.

package cn.itcast;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class DongServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//创建一张内存中的图片
				BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(100, 35, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
				
				//获取当前图片的画笔
				Graphics g = img.getGraphics();				//画笔
				
				g.setColor(new Color(240,240,240));         //背景色
				g.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 35);
				
				g.setColor(Color.PINK);					//颜色
				g.drawLine(5, 5, 100-5, 35-5);				//直线
				g.drawRect(5, 5, 90, 25);					//矩形
				//g.fillRect(5, 5, 90, 25);					//填充
				g.setFont(new Font("幼圆",Font.BOLD,26));
				g.drawString("董老师", 5, 28);
				
				//保存图片
				ImageIO.write(img, "JPEG",response.getOutputStream());		//向客户端写
	}
}

并且修改一下我们的index.jsp页面的代码,

<body>
    This is my JSP page. <br>
    验证码:<img src="/yanzhengma/servlet/AServlet"><br>
</body>

然后开启Tomcat运行项目,在浏览器访问项目,如下图所示.

绘制验证码 下面开始绘制验证码的图片,首先我们写一个VCode的类,用来绘制验证码的图片.

package cn.itcast;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.sun.org.apache.commons.digester.rss.Image;

public class VCode {
	private int w = 70;		//宽
	private int h = 35;		//宽
	private Color bgColor = new Color(240,240,240);
	
	private Random random = new Random();
	
	private StringBuilder code = new StringBuilder(4);
	
	private BufferedImage createImage(){
		/*
		 * 1创建图片
		 * 2设置背景色
		 */
		//创建图片
		BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		//设置画笔颜色
		img.getGraphics().setColor(bgColor);
		//填充一个与图片一样大小的矩形!即设置背景色!
		img.getGraphics().fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
		return img;
	}
	
	private Color randomColor(){
		int r = random.nextInt(256);
		int g = random.nextInt(256);
		int b = random.nextInt(256);
		return new Color(r,g,b);
	}
	
	/*
	 * 字体名,样式,字号
	 */
	private String[] fontNames = {"宋体","华文楷体","黑体","华文新魏","华文隶书","微软雅黑","楷体_GB2312"};
	//private int[] fontstyles = {0,1,2,3};
	private int[] fontSize = {24,25,26,27,28};	//字号范围
	
	private Font randomFont(){
		int index = random.nextInt(fontNames.length);	//如果数组长度为7,数值为0~6,合法下标
		String name = fontNames[index];

		int style = random.nextInt(4);	//0,1,2,3
		index = random.nextInt(fontSize.length);
		//随机生成fontSize的下标
		int size = fontSize[index];
		return new Font(name,style,size);
	}
	
	private String codes = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
	
	//随机生成字符
	private String randomChar(){
		int index = random.nextInt(codes.length());
		return codes.charAt(index) + "";
	}
	
	private void drawLine(BufferedImage img){
		Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)img.getGraphics();
		g.setColor(Color.black);
		g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5F));
		for(int i = 0; i < 5;i++){
			int x1 = random.nextInt(w);
			int y1 = random.nextInt(h);
			int x2 = random.nextInt(w);
			int y2 = random.nextInt(h);
			g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
		}
	}
	
	//用户调用这个方法获取图片
	public BufferedImage getImage(){
		/*
		 * 我们要写字符
		 * 写的是随机生成!范围是: 0~9A~Za~z
		 * 什么字体,字号多大,是否粗体?	 	     都是随机的!
		 * 字符的颜色,每个字符是否要相同的颜色?  都是随机
		 */
		BufferedImage img = createImage();
		Graphics g = img.getGraphics();
		//画东西
		for(int i = 0;i<4;i++){
			String ch = this.randomChar();		//获取随机字符
			code.append(ch);					//记录下来生成的字符
			g.setColor(this.randomColor());		//随机颜色
			g.setFont(this.randomFont());		//随机字体
			g.drawString(ch, w/4*i, h-5);
		}
		this.drawLine(img);						//添加干扰线
		return img;
	}
	
	//保存图片的
	public String getCode(){
		return code.toString();
	}
	
	//保存图片
	public static void saveImage(BufferedImage img,OutputStream out) throws IOException {
		ImageIO.write(img,"JPEG",out);
	}	
}

再create一个demo类,在类里面调用VCode的方法,把验证码绘制到本地保存.

package junit.test;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itcast.VCode;

public class Demo1 {
	
	@Test
	public void fun2() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
		VCode v = new VCode();
		BufferedImage img = v.getImage();
		VCode.saveImage(img, new FileOutputStream("E:\\a.jpg"));
	}
}

这样就把验证码绘制到本地保存了,图片下.

然后把验证码绘制到web页面上,create一个BServlet.

package cn.itcast;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		VCode vc = new VCode();
		BufferedImage img = vc.getImage();
		System.out.println(vc.getCode());
		VCode.saveImage(img, response.getOutputStream());
	}
}

还有index的页面代码,为了点击看不清,换一张换一张验证码而不刷新整个网页,从而写了一个 function _chage().

<body>
    This is my JSP page. <br>
    验证码:<input type="text" name="vcode" size="3"/> 
    <img id="vc" src="/yanzhengma/servlet/BServlet" border="2">
    <a href="javascript:_chage()">看不清,换一张</a><br>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    	function _chage(){
    		var img = document.getElementById("vc");
    		img.src = "/yanzhengma/servlet/BServlet?a=" + new Date().getTime();
    	}
    </script>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
  </body>

页面展示图.

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java 的一次性图形验证码

1.首先先写一个把绘制的图片保存到本地的,后面用servlet展现在页面上.2.绘制验证码到本地保存,再写把验证码保存到Servlet的页面.绘制图片将绘制的图片保存到本地保存.package junit.test;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.Font;import...
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