(转)C#创建数字证书并导出为pfx，并使用pfx进行非对称加解密

我的项目当中，考虑到安全性，需要为每个客户端分发一个数字证书，同时使用数字证书中的公私钥来进行数据的加解密。为了完成这个安全模块，特写了如下一个DEMO程序，该DEMO程序包含的功能有：

1：调用.NET2.0的MAKECERT创建含有私钥的数字证书，并存储到个人证书区；

2：将该证书导出为pfx文件，并为其指定一个用来打开pfx文件的password；

3：读取pfx文件，导出pfx中公钥和私钥；

4：用pfx证书中的公钥进行数据的加密，用私钥进行数据的解密；

代码如下：

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1. /// <summary>  
2.         /// 将证书从证书存储区导出，并存储为pfx文件，同时为pfx文件指定打开的密码  
3.         /// 本函数同时也演示如何用公钥进行加密，私钥进行解密  
4.         /// </summary>  
5.         /// <param name="sender"></param>  
6.         /// <param name="e"></param>  
7.         private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
8.         {  
9.             X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);  
10.             store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);  
11.             X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;  
12.             foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)  
13.             {  
14.                 if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji")  
15.                 {  
16.                     Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));  
17.                     byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123");  
18.                     using (FileStream  fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create))  
19.                     {  
20.                         // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.  
21.                         for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)  
22.                             fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);  
23.                         // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.  
24.                         fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);  
25.                         // Read and verify the data.  
26.                         for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)  
27.                         {  
28.                             if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())  
29.                             {  
30.                                 Debug.Print("Error writing data.");  
31.                                 return;  
32.                             }  
33.                         }  
34.                         fileStream.Close();  
35.                         Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " +  
36.                             "and verified.", fileStream.Name);  
37.                     }  
38.                     string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!";  
39.                     string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname);  
40.                     MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr);  
41.                     string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr);  
42.                     MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr);  
43.                 }  
44.             }  
45.             store.Close();  
46.             store = null;  
47.             storecollection = null;  
48.         }  
49.         /// <summary>  
50.         /// 创建还有私钥的证书  
51.         /// </summary>  
52.         /// <param name="sender"></param>  
53.         /// <param name="e"></param>  
54.         private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
55.         {  
56.             string MakeCert = "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\SDK\\v2.0\\Bin\\makecert.exe";  
57.             string x509Name = "CN=luminji";  
58.             string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + x509Name + "\" " ;  
59.             Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param);  
60.             p.WaitForExit();  
61.             p.Close();  
62.             MessageBox.Show("over");  
63.         }  
64.         /// <summary>  
65.         /// 从pfx文件读取证书信息  
66.         /// </summary>  
67.         /// <param name="sender"></param>  
68.         /// <param name="e"></param>  
69.         private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e)  
70.         {  
71.             X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123");  
72.             MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name);  
73.             MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString());  
74.             MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString());  
75.             pc = null;  
76.         }  
77.         /// <summary>  
78.         /// RSA解密  
79.         /// </summary>  
80.         /// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param>  
81.         /// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param>  
82.         /// <returns></returns>  
83.         public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString)  
84.         {  
85.             RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();  
86.             provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey);  
87.             byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString);  
88.             byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false);  
89.             return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes);  
90.         }  
91.         /// <summary>  
92.         /// RSA加密  
93.         /// </summary>  
94.         /// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param>  
95.         /// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param>  
96.         /// <returns></returns>  
97.         public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString)  
98.         {  
99.             RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();  
100.             provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey);  
101.             byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString);  
102.             return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false));  
103.         }  

/// <summary> /// 将证书从证书存储区导出，并存储为pfx文件，同时为pfx文件指定打开的密码 /// 本函数同时也演示如何用公钥进行加密，私钥进行解密 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser); store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite); X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates; foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection) { if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji") { Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject)); byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123"); using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create)) { // Write the data to the file, byte by byte. for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++) fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]); // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file. fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); // Read and verify the data. for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++) { if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte()) { Debug.Print("Error writing data."); return; } } fileStream.Close(); Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " + "and verified.", fileStream.Name); } string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!"; string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname); MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr); string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr); MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr); } } store.Close(); store = null; storecollection = null; } /// <summary> /// 创建还有私钥的证书 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string MakeCert = "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\SDK\\v2.0\\Bin\\makecert.exe"; string x509Name = "CN=luminji"; string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + x509Name + "\" " ; Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param); p.WaitForExit(); p.Close(); MessageBox.Show("over"); } /// <summary> /// 从pfx文件读取证书信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e) { X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123"); MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name); MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString()); MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString()); pc = null; } /// <summary> /// RSA解密 /// </summary> /// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param> /// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString) { RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey); byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString); byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false); return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes); } /// <summary> /// RSA加密 /// </summary> /// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param> /// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString) { RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey); byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString); return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false)); }

上文是一个示例程序，一个完整的证书工具类如下：

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1. public sealed class DataCertificate  
2.     {  
3.         #region 生成证书  
4.         /// <summary>  
5.         /// 根据指定的证书名和makecert全路径生成证书（包含公钥和私钥，并保存在MY存储区）  
6.         /// </summary>  
7.         /// <param name="subjectName"></param>  
8.         /// <param name="makecertPath"></param>  
9.         /// <returns></returns>  
10.         public static bool CreateCertWithPrivateKey(string subjectName, string makecertPath)  
11.         {  
12.             subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;  
13.             string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + subjectName + "\" ";  
14.             try  
15.             {  
16.                 Process p = Process.Start(makecertPath, param);  
17.                 p.WaitForExit();  
18.                 p.Close();  
19.             }  
20.             catch (Exception e)  
21.             {  
22.                 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCerficate.CreateCertWithPrivateKey");  
23.                 return false;  
24.             }  
25.             return true;  
26.         }  
27.         #endregion  
28.  
29.         #region 文件导入导出  
30.         /// <summary>  
31.         /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，  
32.         /// 并导出为pfx文件，同时为其指定一个密码  
33.         /// 并将证书从个人区删除(如果isDelFromstor为true)  
34.         /// </summary>  
35.         /// <param name="subjectName">证书主题，不包含CN=</param>  
36.         /// <param name="pfxFileName">pfx文件名</param>  
37.         /// <param name="password">pfx文件密码</param>  
38.         /// <param name="isDelFromStore">是否从存储区删除</param>  
39.         /// <returns></returns>  
40.         public static bool ExportToPfxFile(string subjectName, string pfxFileName,  
41.             string password, bool isDelFromStore)  
42.         {  
43.             subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;  
44.             X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);  
45.             store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);  
46.             X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;  
47.             foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)  
48.             {  
49.                 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)  
50.                 {  
51.                     Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));  
52.   
53.                     byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);  
54.                     using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(pfxFileName, FileMode.Create))  
55.                     {  
56.                         // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.  
57.                         for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)  
58.                             fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);  
59.                         // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.  
60.                         fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);  
61.                         // Read and verify the data.  
62.                         for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)  
63.                         {  
64.                             if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())  
65.                             {  
66.                                 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export pfx error while verify the pfx file!", "ExportToPfxFile");  
67.                                 fileStream.Close();  
68.                                 return false;  
69.                             }  
70.                         }  
71.                         fileStream.Close();  
72.                     }  
73.                     if( isDelFromStore == true)  
74.                         store.Remove(x509);  
75.                 }  
76.             }  
77.             store.Close();  
78.             store = null;  
79.             storecollection = null;  
80.             return true;  
81.         }  
82.         /// <summary>  
83.         /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，  
84.         /// 并导出为CER文件（即，只含公钥的）  
85.         /// </summary>  
86.         /// <param name="subjectName"></param>  
87.         /// <param name="cerFileName"></param>  
88.         /// <returns></returns>  
89.         public static bool ExportToCerFile(string subjectName, string cerFileName)  
90.         {  
91.             subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;  
92.             X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);  
93.             store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);  
94.             X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;  
95.             foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)  
96.             {  
97.                 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)  
98.                 {  
99.                     Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));  
100.                     //byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);  
101.                     byte[] cerByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);  
102.                     using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(cerFileName, FileMode.Create))  
103.                     {  
104.                         // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.  
105.                         for (int i = 0; i < cerByte.Length; i++)  
106.                             fileStream.WriteByte(cerByte[i]);  
107.                         // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.  
108.                         fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);  
109.                         // Read and verify the data.  
110.                         for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)  
111.                         {  
112.                             if (cerByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())  
113.                             {  
114.                                 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export CER error while verify the CERT file!", "ExportToCERFile");  
115.                                 fileStream.Close();  
116.                                 return false;  
117.                             }  
118.                         }  
119.                         fileStream.Close();  
120.                     }  
121.                 }  
122.             }  
123.             store.Close();  
124.             store = null;  
125.             storecollection = null;  
126.             return true;  
127.         }  
128.         #endregion  
129.  
130.         #region 从证书中获取信息  
131.         /// <summary>  
132.         /// 根据私钥证书得到证书实体，得到实体后可以根据其公钥和私钥进行加解密  
133.         /// 加解密函数使用DEncrypt的RSACryption类  
134.         /// </summary>  
135.         /// <param name="pfxFileName"></param>  
136.         /// <param name="password"></param>  
137.         /// <returns></returns>  
138.         public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromPfxFile(string pfxFileName,  
139.             string password)  
140.         {  
141.             try  
142.             {  
143.                 return new X509Certificate2(pfxFileName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);  
144.             }  
145.             catch (Exception e)  
146.             {  
147.                 LogRecord.putErrorLog("get certificate from pfx" + pfxFileName + " error:" + e.ToString(),  
148.                     "GetCertificateFromPfxFile");  
149.                 return null;  
150.             }  
151.         }  
152.         /// <summary>  
153.         /// 到存储区获取证书  
154.         /// </summary>  
155.         /// <param name="subjectName"></param>  
156.         /// <returns></returns>  
157.         public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore(string subjectName)  
158.         {  
159.             subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;  
160.             X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);  
161.             store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);  
162.             X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;  
163.             foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)  
164.             {  
165.                 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)  
166.                 {  
167.                     return x509;  
168.                 }  
169.             }  
170.             store.Close();  
171.             store = null;  
172.             storecollection = null;  
173.             return null;  
174.         }  
175.         /// <summary>  
176.         /// 根据公钥证书，返回证书实体  
177.         /// </summary>  
178.         /// <param name="cerPath"></param>  
179.         public static X509Certificate2 GetCertFromCerFile(string cerPath)  
180.         {  
181.             try  
182.             {  
183.                 return new X509Certificate2(cerPath);  
184.             }  
185.             catch (Exception e)  
186.             {  
187.                 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCertificate.LoadStudentPublicKey");  
188.                 return null;  
189.             }              
190.         }  
191.         #endregion         
192.     } 
     

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/luminji/archive/2009/03/05/3960308.aspx

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Deckard/archive/2009/12/03/1616080.html