学习python或者其他有异常控制的编程语言, 大家很有可能说try except finally(try catch finally)的执行很简单,无非就是有异常的话执行except, finally无论是否有异常都会执行, 大致上原则是这样, 但是如果涉及到更加详细的复杂的路径,加上return 语句,就没有那么简单了。
1. 没有return 语句的情况
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print 'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
raise IndexError('index error')
#print 'after exception raise'
#return 0
except KeyError, e:
print 'in KeyError except'
print e
#return 1
except IndexError, e:
print 'in IndexError except'
print e
#return 2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print 'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
#return 3
else:
print 'no exception'
#return 4
finally:
print 'in finally'
#return 5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
上面的代码是一直要使用的代码,只不过暂时不用的代码被comment了。
有异常发生,并且捕获异常,最后在finally进行处理,上面代码的输出:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
in IndexError except
index error
in finally
None
然后我们逐渐给上面代码各个情况添加return 语句, 查看添加return 语句后的代码执行效果。
2. 添加return 语句的情况
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
raise IndexError('index error')
print'after exception raise'
return0
except KeyError, e:
print'in KeyError except'
print e
return1
except IndexError, e:
print'in IndexError except'
print e
return2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
return3
else:
print'no exception'
return4
finally:
print'in finally'
return5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
这个时候所有的分支都存在return 语句,并且会引发异常, 看一下输出:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
in IndexError except
index error
in finally
5
异常发生后,raise语句以后的不再执行,然后到了捕获异常语句, 但是捕获异常模块有个return , 是不是这个时候就不再继续执行直接返回呢?但是这是跟 finally语句必然执行是相冲突的, 可以在结果中看到finally实际上执行了,并且返回值是5,在 finally de 的返回值。
然后,我们在看看把finally 的返回值注释掉,看看返回值是多少?
代码如下:
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
raise IndexError('index error')
print'after exception raise'
return0
except KeyError, e:
print'in KeyError except'
print e
return1
except IndexError, e:
print'in IndexError except'
print e
return2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
return3
else:
print'no exception'
return4
finally:
print'in finally'
#return5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
这个时候的程序输出:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
in IndexError except
index error
in finally
2
返回值变为2, 这个时候有点疑惑了, 先不用解释问题,我们继续看其他的情况。
3. 没有异常发生且try语句块没有return
代码如下:
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
#raise IndexError('index error')
print'after exception raise'
#return0
except KeyError, e:
print'in KeyError except'
print e
return1
except IndexError, e:
print'in IndexError except'
print e
return2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
return3
else:
print'no exception'
return4
finally:
print'in finally'
return5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
这个时候的代码输出:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
after exception raise
no exception
in finally
5
这里验证了如果没有异常那么else语句是执行的,并且finally语句执行,然后返回finally语句的return 5
但是,当try语句块里存在return语句是什么情况呢?
4. 没有异常发生且try语句块 存在return语句
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
#raise IndexError('index error')
print'after exception raise'
return0
except KeyError, e:
print'in KeyError except'
print e
return1
except IndexError, e:
print'in IndexError except'
print e
return2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
return3
else:
print'no exception'
return4
finally:
print'in finally'
return5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
执行结果:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
after exception raise
in finally
5
这里else没有执行,和我们对于书本知识有冲突了, finally语句执行并返回5.
分析: 这里因为没有发生异常, 所以会执行到try块中的return 语句,但是finally又必须执行,所以执行try中return 之前去执行了finally语句,并且可以认为,finally语句修改了最后返回的值,将try中的返回值修改为5并最终返回,所以else语句并没有得到执行。
5. 有异常发生并且finally 没有return 语句
print 'this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally'
print '************************************************************'
def exceptTest():
try:
print'doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised'
raise IndexError('index error')
print'after exception raise'
return0
except KeyError, e:
print'in KeyError except'
print e
return1
except IndexError, e:
print'in IndexError except'
print e
return2
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
print'in ZeroDivisionError'
print e
return3
else:
print'no exception'
return4
finally:
print'in finally'
#return5
resultCode = exceptTest()
print resultCode
执行结果:
this is a test of code path in try...except...else...finally
************************************************************
doing some work, and maybe exception will be raised
in IndexError except
index error
in finally
2
因为有异常发生,所以try中的return语句肯定是执行不到的,然后在捕获到的except中进行执行,并且except中存在return 语句,那么是不是就直接返回? 因为finally 语句是必须要执行的,所以这里的return语句需要先暂且放下,进入finally进行执行,然后finnaly执行完以后再返回到 except中进行执行。
看到这里,我们貌似找到了一些规律
1. 如果没有异常发生, try中有return 语句, 这个时候else块中的代码是没有办法执行到的, 但是finally语句中如果有return 语句会修改最终的返回值, 我个人理解的是try中return 语句先将要返回的值放在某个 CPU寄存器,然后运行finally语句的时候修改了这个寄存器的值,最后在返回到try中的return语句返回修改后的值。
2. 如果没有异常发生, try中没有return语句,那么else块的代码是执行的,但是如果else中有return, 那么也要先执行finally的代码, 返回值的修改与上面一条一致。
3. 如果有异常发生,try中的return语句肯定是执行不到, 在捕获异常的 except语句中,如果存在return语句,那么也要先执行finally的代码,finally里面的代码会修改最终的返回值,然后在从except 块的retrun 语句返回最终修改的返回值, 和第一条一致。