转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/p/3497440.html
1. __construct:
内置构造函数,在对象被创建时自动调用。见如下代码:
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<?php
class
ConstructTest {
private
$arg1
;
private
$arg2
;
public
function
__construct(
$arg1
,
$arg2
) {
$this
->arg1 =
$arg1
;
$this
->arg2 =
$arg2
;
print
"__construct is called...\n"
;
}
public
function
printAttributes() {
print
'$arg1 = '
.
$this
->arg1.
' $arg2 = '
.
$this
->arg2.
"\n"
;
}
}
$testObject
=
new
ConstructTest(
"arg1"
,
"arg2"
);
$testObject
->printAttributes();
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php __construct is called... $arg1 = arg1 $arg2 = arg2
2. parent:
用于在子类中直接调用父类中的方法,功能等同于Java中的super。
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<?php
class
BaseClass {
protected
$arg1
;
protected
$arg2
;
function
__construct(
$arg1
,
$arg2
) {
$this
->arg1 =
$arg1
;
$this
->arg2 =
$arg2
;
print
"__construct is called...\n"
;
}
function
getAttributes() {
return
'$arg1 = '
.
$this
->arg1.
' $arg2 = '
.
$this
->arg2;
}
}
class
SubClass
extends
BaseClass {
protected
$arg3
;
function
__construct(
$baseArg1
,
$baseArg2
,
$subArg3
) {
parent::__construct(
$baseArg1
,
$baseArg2
);
$this
->arg3 =
$subArg3
;
}
function
getAttributes() {
return
parent::getAttributes().
' $arg3 = '
.
$this
->arg3;
}
}
$testObject
=
new
SubClass(
"arg1"
,
"arg2"
,
"arg3"
);
print
$testObject
->getAttributes().
"\n"
;
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php __construct is called... $arg1 = arg1 $arg2 = arg2 $arg3 = arg3
3. self:
在类内调用该类静态成员和静态方法的前缀修饰,对于非静态成员变量和函数则使用this。
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<?php
class
StaticExample {
static
public
$arg1
=
"Hello, This is static field.\n"
;
static
public
function
sayHello() {
print
self::
$arg1
;
}
}
print
StaticExample::
$arg1
;
StaticExample::sayHello();
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php Hello, This is static field. Hello, This is static field.
4. static:
这里介绍的static关键字主要用于PHP 5.3以上版本新增的延迟静态绑定功能。请看一下代码和关键性注释。
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<?php
abstract
class
Base {
public
static
function
getInstance() {
//这里的new static()实例化的是调用该静态方法的当前类。
return
new
static
();
}
abstract
public
function
printSelf();
}
class
SubA
extends
Base {
public
function
printSelf() {
print
"This is SubA::printSelf.\n"
;
}
}
class
SubB
extends
Base {
public
function
printSelf() {
print
"This is SubB::printSelf.\n"
;
}
}
SubA::getInstance()->printSelf();
SubB::getInstance()->printSelf();
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php This is SubA::printSelf. This is SubB::printSelf.
static关键字不仅仅可以用于实例化。和self和parent一样,static还可以作为静态方法调用的标识符,甚至是从非静态上下文中调用。在该场景下,self仍然表示的是当前方法所在的类。见如下代码:
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<?php
abstract
class
Base {
private
$ownedGroup
;
public
function
__construct() {
//这里的static和上面的例子一样,表示当前调用该方法的实际类。
//需要另外说明的是,这里的getGroup方法即便不是静态方法,也会得到相同的结果。然而倘若
//getGroup真的只是普通类方法,那么这里还是建议使用$this。
$this
->ownedGroup =
static
::getGroup();
}
public
function
printGroup() {
print
"My Group is "
.
$this
->ownedGroup.
"\n"
;
}
public
static
function
getInstance() {
return
new
static
();
}
public
static
function
getGroup() {
return
"default"
;
}
}
class
SubA
extends
Base {
}
class
SubB
extends
Base {
public
static
function
getGroup() {
return
"SubB"
;
}
}
SubA::getInstance()->printGroup();
SubB::getInstance()->printGroup();
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php My Group is default My Group is SubB
5. __destruct:
析构方法的作用和构造方法__construct刚好相反,它只是在对象被垃圾收集器收集之前自动调用,我们可以利用该方法做一些必要的清理工作。
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<?php
class
TestClass {
function
__destruct() {
print
"TestClass destructor is called.\n"
;
}
}
$testObj
=
new
TestClass();
unset(
$testObj
);
print
"Application will exit.\n"
;
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php TestClass destructor is called. Application will exit.
6. __clone:
在PHP 5之后的版本中,对象之间的赋值为引用赋值,即赋值后的两个对象将指向同一地址空间,如果想基于对象赋值,可以使用PHP提供的clone方法。该方法将当前对象浅拷贝之后的副本返回,如果想在clone的过程中完成一些特殊的操作,如深拷贝,则需要在当前类的声明中实现__clone方法,该方法在执行clone的过程中会被隐式调用。另外需要格外注意的是,__clone方法是作用再被拷贝的对象上,即赋值后的对象上执行。
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<?php
class
InnerClass {
public
$id
= 10;
public
function
printSelf() {
print
'$id = '
.
$this
->id.
"\n"
;
}
}
class
OuterClass {
public
$innerClass
;
public
function
__construct() {
$this
->innerClass =
new
InnerClass();
}
public
function
__clone() {
$this
->innerClass =
clone
$this
->innerClass;
print
"__clone is called.\n"
;
}
}
$outerA
=
new
OuterClass();
print
"Before calling to clone.\n"
;
$outerB
=
clone
$outerA
;
print
"After calling to clone.\n"
;
$outerA
->innerClass->id = 20;
print
"In outerA: "
;
$outerA
->innerClass->printSelf();
print
"In outerB: "
;
$outerB
->innerClass->printSelf();
|
运行结果如下:
Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php Before calling to clone. __clone is called. After calling to clone. In outerA: $id = 20 In outerB: $id = 10
7. const:
PHP5可以在类中定义常量属性。和全局常量一样,一旦定义就不能改变。常量属性不需要像普通属性那样以$开头,按照惯例,只能用大写字母来命名常量。另外和静态属性一样,只能通过类而不能通过类的实例访问常量属性,引用常量时同样也不需要以$符号作为前导符。另外常量只能被赋值为基础类型,如整型,而不能指向任何对象类型。
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<?php
class
TestClass {
const
AVAILABLE = 0;
}
print
"TestClass::AVAILABLE = "
.TestClass::AVAILABLE.
"\n"
;
|
运行结果如下:
0Stephens-Air:Desktop$ php Test.php TestClass::AVAILABLE = 0