Springboot核心注解笔记

 springboot启动类：

//spring快速启动
@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
    }
}

启动类上有一个注解@SpringBootApplication，这个注解中主要的核心注解有以下几个：

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
//1.配置注解
@SpringBootConfiguration
//2.自动配置注解
@EnableAutoConfiguration
//3.注解扫描
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

1.配置注解

@SpringBootApplication内部有@SpringBootConfiguration注解，而@SpringBootConfiguration注解中又依赖于@Configuration注解，configuration就是springbean的配置注解。因此在有SpringBootApplication或者SpringBootConfiguration注解的类中，可以使用注解的方式配置bean：

@Bean
public Object getObj(){
    return null;
}

2.自动配置注解EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
//导入了一个自动配置导入选择器
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

 点入AutoConfigurationImportSelector中间有一段代码：

//得到所有的类名
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
        //这里看出，这个方法会去找META-INF/spring.factories下的文件
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

 

这里所能看见这些类名，后缀基本都是AutoConfiguration，自动配置类，这里可以随意找一个自动配置类看一看：

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisOperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({RedisOperations.class})
//这个注解加载了一个配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties({RedisProperties.class})
@Import({LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class})
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {
    public RedisAutoConfiguration() {
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(
        name = {"redisTemplate"}
    )
    public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
        RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        return template;
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
        StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        return template;
    }
}

 点进去继续看RedisOperations.class

//加载配置文件
@ConfigurationProperties(
    //配置文件前缀
    prefix = "spring.redis"
)
public class RedisProperties {

所加载的配置在配置文件中搜索一下

{
      "sourceType": "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisProperties",
      "defaultValue": 6379,
      "name": "spring.redis.port",
      "description": "Redis server port.",
      "type": "java.lang.Integer"
    }

可以看到自动设置的一些配置。

这就是springboot自动配置加载的大致流程。如果这个流程大致了解之后，我们就可以修改springboot的一些自带的配置

<resource>
     <filtering>true</filtering>
     <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
     <includes>
         <include>**/application*.yml</include>
         <include>**/application*.yaml</include>
         <include>**/application*.properties</include>
     </includes>
</resource>

在springboot要加载的配置文件中加上要修改的键值对即可。

3.注解扫描ComponentScan

将会扫描SpringBootApplication启动类同级包下（包括子包）的所有注解。

以上大致就是springboot启动的三个比较核心的注解。