声明:本人第一次详细写些关于linux源码方面的分析博文,如有错误之处,请大家更正。此外,这里本人主要结合如何移植uboot到tq2440来详细分析uboot源码,在分析中一步一步实现移植uboot到s3c2440中(打破以往博文只注重分析不实践和只教你移植,而不讲解理论)。
主要参考博文:http://blog.csdn.net/hare_lee/article/details/6916325
http://blog.csdn.net/jianchi88/article/details/7062902
软硬件环境:
开发板:tq2440,系统:redhat5;uboot版本是u-boot-1.1.6
分析源码工具:
sourceinsignt添加工程打开uboot源码,关于sourceinsignt的使用,大家自行琢磨吧,不过主要提醒和我一样的新手们注意如何为sourceinsight添加makefile、kconfig、*.S文件支持:http://www.cnblogs.com/myblesh/articles/2452030.html,这一点对阅读源码很重要。
首先分析linux有关源码,要看的第一个文件是Makefile,也就是解压后u-boot-1.1.6的目录下Makefile
第一个文件:Makefile
1、打开Makefile,找到关于交叉编译选项中arm平台:
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
endif
2、按下ctrl+f查找smdk2410_config
smdk2410_config : unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
下面将详细分析这句代码的含义:
smdk2410_config : unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
首先搜索MKCONFIG宏定义是 MKCONFIG:= $(SRCTREE)/mkconfig
$(@:_config=) 这个意思是去掉smdk2410_config 后面的config即变为smdk2410(这个名字我们下面将会看到,自己可以随便命名的但是要注意统一规范)
./mkconfig smdk2410 arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6
下面介绍各个选项的含义 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6
arm:CPU的架构(ARCH)
arm920t:CPU的类型,对应于cpu/arm920t子目录
smdk2410:开发板的型号(Board),对应于board/samsung/smdk2410(或者board/smdk2410,这里有的代码省略了公司的名字目录,我们这里省略了公司的名字)
NULL:这里是开发者或经销商。当你设置为NULL的时候,下面会介绍当你移植uboot时 创建smdk2440目录的时候就要在board/目录下创建。
好了,当我们执行make xxxxx_config的时候:
先看一下mkconfig的源码:
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|
APPEND=no # Default: Create
new
config file
BOARD_NAME=
""
# Name to print in make output
while
[ $# -gt 0 ] ;
do
case
"$1"
in
--) shift ;
break
;;
-a) shift ; APPEND=yes ;;
-n) shift ; BOARD_NAME=
"${1%%_config}"
; shift ;;
*)
break
;;
esac
done
[
"${BOARD_NAME}"
] || BOARD_NAME=
"$1"
[ $# -lt 4 ] &&
exit
1
[ $# -gt 6 ] &&
exit
1
echo
"Configuring for ${BOARD_NAME} board..."
#
# Create link to architecture specific headers
#
if
[
"$SRCTREE"
!=
"$OBJTREE"
] ; then
mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include
mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include2
cd ${OBJTREE}/include2
rm -f asm
ln -s ${SRCTREE}/include/asm-$2 asm
cd ../include
rm -rf asm-$2
rm -f asm
mkdir asm-$2
ln -s asm-$2 asm
else
cd ./include
rm -f asm
ln -s asm-$2 asm
fi
rm -f asm-$2/arch
if
[ -z
"$6"
-o
"$6"
=
"NULL"
] ; then
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$3 asm-$2/arch
else
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$6 asm-$2/arch
fi
if
[
"$2"
=
"arm"
] ; then
rm -f asm-$2/proc
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm-$2/proc
fi
#
# Create include file for Make
#
echo
"ARCH = $2"
> config.mk
echo
"CPU = $3"
>> config.mk
echo
"BOARD = $4"
>> config.mk
[
"$5"
] && [
"$5"
!=
"NULL"
] && echo
"VENDOR = $5"
>> config.mk
[
"$6"
] && [
"$6"
!=
"NULL"
] && echo
"SOC = $6"
>> config.mk
#
# Create board specific header file
#
if
[
"$APPEND"
=
"yes"
] # Append to existing config file
then
echo >> config.h
else
> config.h # Create
new
config file
fi
echo
"/* Automatically generated - do not edit */"
>>config.h
echo
"#include <configs/$1.h>"
>>config.h
exit
0
|
经过分析mkconfig的源码,可以总结这个命令做了什么事:
ln -s asm-$2 asm
rm -f asm-$2/arch
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$6 asm-$2/arch
rm -f asm-$2/proc
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm-$2/proc
echo "ARCH = $2" > config.mk
echo "CPU = $3" >> config.mk
echo "BOARD = $4" >> config.mk
[ "$5" ] && [ "$5" != "NULL" ] && echo "VENDOR = $5" >> config.mk
[ "$6" ] && [ "$6" != "NULL" ] && echo "SOC = $6" >> config.mk
> config.h # Create new config file
echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */" >>config.h
echo "#include <configs/$1.h>" >>config.h
# U-Boot objects....order is important (i.e. start must be first)
OBJS = cpu/$(CPU)/start.o # OBJS = cpu/arm920t/start.o
LIBS = lib_generic/libgeneric.a
LIBS += board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).a
LIBS += cpu/$(CPU)/lib$(CPU).a
结合源码中注释 相信大家可以明白make xxxx_config的作用了。。
将所有的.o连接成uboot文件就要分析另一个文件-连接脚本,在此之前,我们先看一下当自己make xxxx_config的时候出现的一串代码:
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/System/u-boot-1.1.6/common'
UNDEF_SYM=`arm-linux-objdump -x lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/smdk2410/libsmdk2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/nand/libnand.a drivers/nand_legacy/libnand_legacy.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a |sed -n -e 's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
cd /home/System/u-boot-1.1.6 && arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /home/System/u-boot-1.1.6/board/smdk2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000 $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o \
--start-group lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/smdk2410/libsmdk2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/nand/libnand.a drivers/nand_legacy/libnand_legacy.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a --end-group -L /opt/EmbedSky/crosstools_3.4.5_softfloat/gcc-3.4.5-glibc-2.3.6/arm-linux/lib/gcc/arm-linux/3.4.5 -lgcc \
-Map u-boot.map -o u-boot
arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec
arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin
请看官注意: arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /home/System/u-boot-1.1.6/board/smdk2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000 $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o \
下篇将结合连接脚本来分析arm-linux-ld指令将多个目标文件,库文件连接成为可执行文件,-T指明了代码段、数据段等信息。