Delphi 编写调用WebService接口的小程序
最近由于项目需要在编写一个webservice的客户端,网上找来了不少资料,都说可以通过delphi自带的向导来生成调用接口的文件。
如对天气预报的webservice调用http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl ,查看各地的天气预报
1、打开delphi开发软件到 File--> New--> Application 新建一个工程,在窗体上放置两个 Button按钮,一个ComboBox,一个Edit
一个Memo和一个HTTPRIO1
2、到File--> New--> Other--> WebServices--> WSDL importer
用WSDL Import Wizard 窗口,在Location of WSDL File or URL中填写天气预报的wsdl路径http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl 后点击Next按钮,再点击finish按钮,这样delphi就自动把接口描述的xml文档生成了可以调用的单元文件WeatherWebService.pas如下
// ************************************************************************ //
// The types declared in this file were generated from data read from the
// WSDL File described below:
// WSDL : http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl
// Encoding : utf-8
// Version : 1.0
// (2012-9-13 9:58:02 - 1.33.2.5)
// ************************************************************************ //
unit WeatherWebService;
interface
uses InvokeRegistry, SOAPHTTPClient, Types, XSBuiltIns;
type
// ************************************************************************ //
// The following types, referred to in the WSDL document are not being represented
// in this file. They are either aliases[@] of other types represented or were referred
// to but never[!] declared in the document. The types from the latter category
// typically map to predefined/known XML or Borland types; however, they could also
// indicate incorrect WSDL documents that failed to declare or import a schema type.
// ************************************************************************ //
// !:string - "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
getSupportDataSetResult = class; { "http://WebXml.com.cn/" }
ArrayOfString = array of WideString; { "http://WebXml.com.cn/" }
// ************************************************************************ //
// Namespace : http://WebXml.com.cn/
// ************************************************************************ //
getSupportDataSetResult = class(TRemotable)
private
Fschema: WideString;
published
property schema: WideString read Fschema write Fschema;
end;
// ************************************************************************ //
// Namespace : http://WebXml.com.cn/
// soapAction: http://WebXml.com.cn/%operationName%
// transport : http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http
// binding : WeatherWebServiceSoap
// service : WeatherWebService
// port : WeatherWebServiceSoap
// URL : http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx
// ************************************************************************ //
WeatherWebServiceSoap = interface(IInvokable)
['{0AF62441-3FA0-F5D8-B6B8-B486F32F9DDE}']
function getSupportCity(const byProvinceName: WideString): ArrayOfString; stdcall;
function getSupportProvince: ArrayOfString; stdcall;
function getSupportDataSet: getSupportDataSetResult; stdcall;
function getWeatherbyCityName(const theCityName: WideString): ArrayOfString; stdcall;
function getWeatherbyCityNamePro(const theCityName: WideString; const theUserID: WideString): ArrayOfString; stdcall;
end;
function GetWeatherWebServiceSoap(UseWSDL: Boolean=System.False; Addr: string=''; HTTPRIO: THTTPRIO = nil): WeatherWebServiceSoap;
implementation
function GetWeatherWebServiceSoap(UseWSDL: Boolean; Addr: string; HTTPRIO: THTTPRIO): WeatherWebServiceSoap;
const
defWSDL = 'http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl';
defURL = 'http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx';
defSvc = 'WeatherWebService';
defPrt = 'WeatherWebServiceSoap';
var
RIO: THTTPRIO;
begin
Result := nil;
if (Addr = '') then
begin
if UseWSDL then
Addr := defWSDL
else
Addr := defURL;
end;
if HTTPRIO = nil then
RIO := THTTPRIO.Create(nil)
else
RIO := HTTPRIO;
try
Result := (RIO as WeatherWebServiceSoap);
if UseWSDL then
begin
RIO.WSDLLocation := Addr;
RIO.Service := defSvc;
RIO.Port := defPrt;
end else
RIO.URL := Addr;
finally
if (Result = nil) and (HTTPRIO = nil) then
RIO.Free;
end;
end;
initialization
InvRegistry.RegisterInterface(TypeInfo(WeatherWebServiceSoap), 'http://WebXml.com.cn/', 'utf-8');
InvRegistry.RegisterDefaultSOAPAction(TypeInfo(WeatherWebServiceSoap), 'http://WebXml.com.cn/%operationName%');
InvRegistry.RegisterInvokeOptions(TypeInfo(WeatherWebServiceSoap), ioDocument);//遇到调用城市调用错误后增加的
RemClassRegistry.RegisterXSInfo(TypeInfo(ArrayOfString), 'http://WebXml.com.cn/', 'ArrayOfString');
RemClassRegistry.RegisterXSClass(getSupportDataSetResult, 'http://WebXml.com.cn/', 'getSupportDataSetResult');
end.
在主单元中添加代码
procedure TForm1.btn1Click(Sender: TObject);//获取支持的省份
var
pras,city:ArrayOfString;
i,j:Integer;
begin
pras := (HTTPRIO1 as WeatherWebServiceSoap).getSupportProvince;
for i:= Low(pras) to High(pras) do
begin
cbb1.Items.Add(pras[i]);
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.btn2Click(Sender: TObject);//获取某个城市的天气 edt1中填写城市名称如"杭州"
var
cityweather:ArrayOfString;
t:string;
i:Integer;
begin
cityweather := (HTTPRIO1 as WeatherWebServiceSoap).getWeatherbyCityName(edt1.Text);
for i:= Low(cityweather) to High(cityweather) do
begin
t:= cityweather[i];
mmo1.Lines.Add(t);
end;
end;
但是在调用的过程中,当调用城市天气的时候getWeatherbyCityName出现下面的错误
在网上找了资料,根据以下的修改后不会出现错误,但由于初次接触webservice不清楚到底修改了有什么用?如果有人知道希望说个所以然。
1. 把 HTTPRIO1-> HTTPWebNode->的UseUTF8InHeader 设为True
2. 打开WeatherWebService.pas在initialization最下面添加上
InvRegistry.RegisterInvokeOptions(TypeInfo(WeatherWebServiceSoap), ioDocument);
修改完以后,编译工程,就可以调用看到相关的信息了
由于对方提供的wsdl文档发布在专网内,公网访问不到,所以用上面的向导方法无法生成我需要的文件,还要另找方法
1、先到能够访问到WSDL文档的计算机上,访问提供的URL,然后在跳出的URL界面上右键“查看源文件”,将会以记事本形式打开XML文档,把此文档保存下来,后缀改为“.XML”。
2、在向导窗口location of WSDL File URL的下拉框的右边又一个按钮,点击此按钮出现文件打开的窗口,找到刚才保存的XML文件,打开然后点击“Next”,“finish”也生成了需要的单元文件。但是实际应用中需要把单元文件中的常量defWSDL的值改为实际的值;