A sequence of numbers is called a wiggle sequence if the differences between successive numbers strictly alternate between positive and negative. The first difference (if one exists) may be either positive or negative. A sequence with fewer than two elements is trivially a wiggle sequence.
For example, [1,7,4,9,2,5]
is a wiggle sequence because the differences (6,-3,5,-7,3) are alternately positive and negative. In contrast, [1,4,7,2,5]
and [1,7,4,5,5]
are not wiggle sequences, the first because its first two differences are positive and the second because its last difference is zero.
Given a sequence of integers, return the length of the longest subsequence that is a wiggle sequence. A subsequence is obtained by deleting some number of elements (eventually, also zero) from the original sequence, leaving the remaining elements in their original order.
Examples:
Input: [1,7,4,9,2,5] Output: 6 The entire sequence is a wiggle sequence. Input: [1,17,5,10,13,15,10,5,16,8] Output: 7 There are several subsequences that achieve this length. One is [1,17,10,13,10,16,8]. Input: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Output: 2
Follow up:
Can you do it in O(n) time?
这道题是找最长“摆动”序列的长度,题目难度为Medium。
首先我们需要考虑哪些元素在构成“摆动”序列时起到了关键作用,在序列向前延伸过程中,拐点的元素满足“摆动”条件,也就是说每遇到一个拐点就可以在“摆动”序列中加入该元素,而在加入了所有拐点元素之后其他元素并不能增长“摆动”序列的长度,所以题目就转化为找拐点元素的个数了。需要注意的是相等的连续元素,在拐点判断中这些元素可以视为一个元素,遇到相等的连续元素跳过即可。具体代码:
class Solution {
public:
int wiggleMaxLength(vector<int>& nums) {
if(nums.empty()) return 0;
int flag = -1, length = 1, prev = nums[0];
for(int i=0; i<nums.size(); ++i) {
if(nums[i] == prev) continue;
if(flag != nums[i]>prev) {
flag = nums[i]>prev;
++length;
}
prev = nums[i];
}
return length;
}
};
看了下别人的代码,还可以通过动态规划的思路来解决问题。用up[i]和down[i]分别记录到第i个元素为止以上升沿和下降沿结束的最长“摆动”序列长度,遍历数组,如果nums[i]>nums[i-1],表明第i-1到第i个元素是上升的,因此up[i]只需在down[i-1]的基础上加1即可,而down[i]保持down[i-1]不变;如果nums[i]<nums[i-1],表明第i-1到第i个元素是下降的,因此down[i]只需在up[i-1]的基础上加1即可,而up[i]保持up[i-1]不变;如果nums[i]==nums[i-1],则up[i]保持up[i-1],down[i]保持down[i-1]。比较最终以上升沿和下降沿结束的最长“摆动”序列长度即可获取最终结果。具体代码:
class Solution {
public:
int wiggleMaxLength(vector<int>& nums) {
int sz = nums.size();
if(!sz) return 0;
vector<int> up(sz, 0), down(sz, 0);
up[0] = down[0] = 1;
for(int i=1; i<nums.size(); ++i) {
if(nums[i] > nums[i-1]) {
up[i] = down[i-1] + 1;
down[i] = down[i-1];
}
else if(nums[i] < nums[i-1]) {
down[i] = up[i-1] + 1;
up[i] = up[i-1];
}
else {
up[i] = up[i-1];
down[i] = down[i-1];
}
}
return max(up[sz-1], down[sz-1]);
}
};