Spring中装配Bean的方式有两种,一种是通过配置文件来进行装配,另外一种是通过注解的方式来进行装配。但是在实际的开发中并不是简单的通过一种方式来完成的,而是通过这两种的混搭的方式来完成的。
首先应该讲所需要的Jar添加到项目中
一:通过配置文件的方式来对Bean进行装配
配置文件中引入的信息<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans>
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- 对普通属性的注入 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> <!-- <bean id="car" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Car"> --> <!-- 通过Bean构造方法的注入要用到 <constructor-arg> 标签 --> <!-- 通过Bean的属性名来给属性注入相应 的值 --> <!-- name 的值为属性的名称 value 值为需要为属性赋的值 --> <!-- <constructor-arg name="name" value="宝马" /> --> <!-- <constructor-arg name="price" value="1000000" /> --> <!-- 通过构造器中属性的下标来给属性注入值(即属性在构造器中的顺序) --> <!-- 标签中type 属性表示 该属性的类型 --> <!-- <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="奔驰" /> --> <!-- <constructor-arg index="0" value="奔驰" /> --> <!-- <constructor-arg index="1" value="2000000" /> --> <!--</bean> --> <!-- 通过setter 方法的属性注入 --> <!-- <bean id="car2" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Car2"> --> <!-- <property>标签中name 就是属性名称,value就是普通属性的值,ref:引用其他的对象 --> <!-- <property name="name" value="保时捷" /> --> <!-- <property name="price" value="5000000" /> --> <!-- </bean> --> <!-- 对普通属性的注入 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ end --> <!-- 对对象属性的注入 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> <!-- <bean id="person" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Person"> --> <!-- <property name="name" value="哈哈" /> --> <!-- <property name="car2" ref="car2"></property> --> <!-- </bean> --> <!-- <bean id="car2" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Car2"> --> <!-- <property name="name" value="奇瑞" /> --> <!-- <property name="price" value="20000" /> --> <!-- </bean> --> <!-- 名称空间P ++++++++++++++++++ --> <!-- <bean id="car2" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Car2" p:name="baoma" p:price="132" /> --> <!-- <bean id="person" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Person" p:name="doudoudou" p:car2-ref="car2" /> --> <!-- 名称空间P ++++++++++++++++++ end --> <!-- 对对象属性的注入 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ end --> <!-- SpEL 注入 ************************************************* --> <bean id="car2" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Car2"> <property name="name" value="#{'大众'}" /> <property name="price" value="#{'123000'}" /> </bean> <bean id="person" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.Person"> <!-- <property name="name" value="#{'小伙子'}" /> --> <!-- 此处如果获取其他类中的属性的值,首先需要有getter方法,然后通过下边的方式获得 --> <!-- 两种方法获取 --> <!-- 通过配置文件的id名称.属性名称获取(此处是通过调用getter()方法来获取的) --> <!-- <property name="name" value="#{personInfo.name}" /> --> <!-- 通过配置文件的 id名称.方法名( 如showName() ) --> <property name="name" value="#{personInfo.showName()}" /> <property name="car2" value="#{car2}" /> </bean> <bean id="personInfo" class="cn.itcast.spring3.demo5.PersonInfo"> <property name="name" value="大大大" /> </bean> <!-- SpEL 注入 ************************************************* end --> </beans>
创建Bean
Car 类:
package cn.itcast.spring3.demo5; // 通过构造器注入Bean属性的测试 public class Car { private String name; private double price; public Car() { } public Car(String name, double price) { super(); this.name = name; this.price = price; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]"; } }
Car2 类:
package cn.itcast.spring3.demo5; public class Car2 { private String name; private Double price; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setPrice(Double price) { this.price = price; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car2 [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]"; } }
Person类:
package cn.itcast.spring3.demo5; public class Person { private String name; private Car2 car2; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setCar2(Car2 car2) { this.car2 = car2; } public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", car2=" + car2 + "]"; } }
PersonInfo 类:package cn.itcast.spring3.demo5; public class PersonInfo { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String showName() { return name; } }
测试类:package cn.itcast.spring3.demo5; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest5 { @Test public void demo1() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Springdemo5.xml"); Car car = (Car) applicationContext.getBean("car"); System.out.println(car); } @Test public void demo2() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Springdemo5.xml"); Car2 car2 = (Car2) applicationContext.getBean("car2"); System.out.println(car2); } @Test public void demo3() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Springdemo5.xml"); Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person); } }
二、通过注解来完成Bean的装配:
Spring 2.5 引入了注解方式来定义Bean
@Component 来描述Spring框架中的Bean
Spring的框架中提供了与@Component注解等效的三个注解
@Repository 用于对DAO实现类进行注解
@Service 用于对Service实现类进行注解
@Controller 用于对Controller 实现类进行注解
在没有进行分层来进行的时候,这三个注解的作用是相同的
首先需要清楚,在配置文件中引入的信息的与仅用Bean来装配的不同
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> </beans>
配置文件:
UserService 类:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 告诉配置文件扫描哪个包 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> <!-- 打开我们使用到的注解,但是在仅用注解的方式,可以选择不配置 --> <!-- 当用到注解和配置文件混搭的方式来装配Bean的时候用到 --> <context:annotation-config><context:annotation-config> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.Spring3.demo1" /> <!-- 告诉配置文件扫描哪个包 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ end --> </beans>
package cn.itcast.Spring3.demo1; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * 通过注解的方式来装配Bean */ // 由于Component注解中只有一个属性value,所以可以省略 // userService 相当于给这个Bean 起了一个名字 @Component("userService") // 基于注解的开发需要在配置文件中引入Context 空间,配置去扫描哪些包 public class UserService { public void sayHello() { System.out.println("Hello Spring Annotetion……"); } }
测试类:package cn.itcast.Spring3.demo1; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Spring3Test1 { @Test public void demo1() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService"); userService.sayHello(); } }