Python多线程编程之线程子类化

基本思路

导入Threading模块下的Thread类，将其子类化成MyThread，实现可以传入或者返回参数，并能通过对run方法的改写 ，达到定制化线程对象的目的。

Threading模块简介

参考python3.8官方文档 threading
基本方法

MyThread主要代码

func,args,name对应函数方法，传入参数，方法名称，在run方法里改写或者调用相应的函数方法实现线程的运行，结果可以通过getResults方法得到。

import threading
from time import sleep, ctime


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.func = func
        self.name = name
        self.args = args

    def getResults(self):
        return self.res

    def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("Starting",self.name,'at:',ctime())
        self.res=self.func(*self.args)
        print(self.name,'finished at :',ctime())

实例

对比单线程和多线程执行

$$\sum _{n=1}^{N}n$$ $$n!$$
斐波那契数（Fibonacci number）F(n)

所有代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Module: Thread test.
Created on 2020/07/17 by Author
"""
import time
from time import sleep, ctime
from myThread import  MyThread


def fib(x):
    sleep(0.005)
    if x<2:return 1
    return (fib(x-2)+fib(x-1))


def fac(x):
    sleep(0.1)
    if x<2:return 1
    return (x*fac(x-1))


def sum(x):
    sleep(0.1)
    if x<2:return 1
    return (x+sum(x-1))


funcs=[fib,fac,sum]
n=18


def main():
    nfuncs=range(len(funcs))

    STtime=time.time()
    print("Using Single Thread\n")
    for i in nfuncs:
        print("starting",funcs[i].__name__,"at:",ctime())
        print(funcs[i](n))
        print(funcs[i].__name__,"finished at:",ctime())

    midtime=time.time()
    print("Using Multiple Threads\n")
    threads=[]
    for i in nfuncs:
        t=MyThread(funcs[i],(n,),funcs[i].__name__)
        threads.append(t)

    for i in nfuncs:
        threads[i].start()
    for i in nfuncs:
        threads[i].join()
        print(threads[i].getResults())
    MTtime=time.time()
    print("all Done at:",ctime())
    print(" runtime by Single Thread:",midtime-STtime,"\n","runtime by Multiple Threads:", MTtime-midtime)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行结果

单线程任务按顺序依次执行， 多线程运行时长决定于跑最慢的那个线程。