——《JavaScript高级程序设计》第3版 P147
引出:
function Person(name,age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sayHi = function(){
console.log('my name is '+ this.name);
}
}
var person1 = new Person('zhangsan',18);
var person2 = new Person('lisi',22);
console.log(person1.sayHi === person2.sayHi); // false
两个实例对象,都有一个sayHi方法(同名函数),做着同一件事,却是不同的Function实例。
使用原型:
function Person(){
}
Person.prototype.name = 'defaultName';
Person.prototype.age = 18;
Person.prototype.sayHi = function(){
console.log('my name is '+this.name);
};
var person1 = new Person();
var person2 = new Person();
console.log(person1.sayHi === person2.sayHi); // true
屏蔽原型中的属性:
person1.name = 'zhangsan';
console.log(person1.name); // zhangsan
console.log(person2.name); // defaultName
delete person1.name;
console.log(person1.name); // defaultName
给person1添加name属性,访问自己的;删掉自己的后,还可以访问原型的。
原型模式中存在的问题:
Person.prototype.friends = ['wangwu','zhaoliu'];
person1.friends.push('ake')
console.log(person2.friends); // ['wangwu','zhaoliu','ake']
console.log(person1.friends === person2.friends); // true
原型属性为引用类型时,实例对象对其的设置,所有实例都会共享这一结果。(在原型链中继承时,需要规避这一点)
所以最好是采用构造函数与原型混合模式:
function Person(name,age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = ['defaultFriends1','defaultFriends2']
}
Person.prototype = {
constructor: Person, // 因为重写了prototype,将构造器重新指向Person
sayHi: function(){
console.log('my name is '+this.name);
}
};
var person1 = new Person('zhangsan',18);
var person2 = new Person('lisi',22);
console.log(person1.friends === person2.friends); // false