本文探讨了密码学中两种选择密文攻击的类型：午餐时间攻击和适应性选择密文攻击。午餐时间攻击允许攻击者在一定时间内进行适应性查询，但之后必须展示出更强大的攻击能力。而适应性选择密文攻击是更强大的攻击形式，适用于证明系统对选择密文攻击的安全性。Bleichenbacher攻击是实际应用中的一个例子。许多密码系统已被证明对这种攻击形式安全，如Cramer-Shoup系统和RSA-OAEP。
Varieties of chosen-ciphertext attacks
Lunchtime attacks
A specially noted variant of the chosen-ciphertext attack is the “lunchtime”, “midnight”, or “indifferent” attack, in which an attacker may make adaptive chosen-ciphertext queries but only up until a certain point, after which the attacker must demonstrate some improved ability to attack the system. The term “lunchtime attack” refers to the idea that a user’s computer, with the ability to decrypt, is available to an attacker while the user is out to lunch. This form of the attack was the first one commonly discussed: obviously, if the attacker has the ability to make adaptive chosen ciphertext queries, no encrypted message would be safe, at least until that ability is taken away. This attack is sometimes called the “non-adaptive chosen ciphertext attack”; here, “non-adaptive” refers to the fact that the attacker cannot adapt their queries in
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