XPath语法

XPath使用路径表达式来选择节点或一个XML文档节点集。被选中的节点通过以下路径或步骤。

XML实例文档
我们将在下面的例子使用下面的XML文档。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <bookstore> <book> <title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title> <price>29.99</price> </book> <book> <title lang="eng">Learning XML</title> <price>39.95</price> </book> </bookstore>

选择节点
XPath使用路径表达式来选择XML文档中的节点。被选中的节点通过以下路径或步骤。最有用的路径表达式如下：

Expression表达式	Description描述
nodename	Selects all child nodes of the named node 选取已命名的节点的所有子节点
/	Selects from the root node 选择从根节点
//	Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are  在从当前节点相匹配的选择，无论在何处的文件选择节点
.	Selects the current node  选取当前节点
..	Selects the parent of the current node 选择当前节点的父节点
@	Selects attributes 选择属性

 

在表格下面我们列出了一些路径表达式以及表达式的结果：

路径表达式	Result结果
bookstore	Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element 选择所有元素的子节点的bookstore
/bookstore	Selects the root element bookstore  选择根元素bookstore  Note: If the path starts with a slash ( / ) it always represents an absolute path to an element!  备注：如果路径以斜线（/）它总是代表着一个绝对路径的元素！
bookstore/book	Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore 选择所有book元素属于children of bookstore
//book	Selects all book elements no matter where they are in the document 选择所有book元素，无论他们在那里的文件是
bookstore//book	Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element 选择所有book元素属于bookstore元素的后代，无论身在何处，他们都是bookstore element元素
//@lang	Selects all attributes that are named lang 选取所有名为lang属性

Predicates谓语用来查找特定节点或一个节点，其中包含一个特定值。

Predicates 被嵌入在方括号内。

在表格下面我们列出了一些路径表达式和谓词的表达式的结果：

Path Expression	Result
/bookstore/book[1]	Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element. 选择第一个book元素，它是child of the bookstore Note: IE5 and later has implemented that [0] should be the first node, but according to the W3C standard it should have been [1]!! 备注：IE5和以后实施的[0]应该是第一个节点，但根据W3C的标准，它应该是[1]！
/bookstore/book[last()]	Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element 选择最后一个book元素，它是元素的子书店
/bookstore/book[last()-1]	Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore element 选择最后一个book元素，但是这是书店的子元素
/bookstore/book[position()<3]	Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element 选择第2个书元素的儿童元素
//title[@lang]	Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang
//title[@lang='eng']	Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang with a value of 'eng' 选择所有的标题元素有一个属性名为eng
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]	Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00 选择所有的书店元素有一个更大的值比35.00元的书价贵的元素
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title	Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00 选择所有的书店元素有一个更大的值比35.00元的书价元素名称元素

 

未知节点选择

XPath的通配符可以用来选择未知的XML元素。

Wildcard	Description
*	Matches any element node 匹配任何元素节点
@*	Matches any attribute node 匹配任何属性节点
node()	Matches any node of any kind 匹配任何形式的节点

 

在表格下面我们列出了一些路径表达式以及表达式的结果：

Path Expression	Result
/bookstore/*	Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element 选择所有元素的子节点的书店
//*	Selects all elements in the document 选择文档中的所有元素
//title[@*]	Selects all title elements which have any attribute 选择所有标题内容有任何属性

 

选择几种途径

 

通过使用XPath表达式的|你可以选择几个路径。

在表格下面我们列出了一些路径表达式以及表达式的结果：

Path Expression	Result
//book/title | //book/price	Selects all the title AND price elements of all book elements 选择所有的标题和要素价格的图书内容
//title | //price	Selects all the title AND price elements in the document 选择所有文档中的标题和价格因素
/bookstore/book/title | //price	Selects all the title elements of the book element of the bookstore element AND all the price elements in the document 选择所有的书店元素book元素名称元素和所有文件中的价格因素

 

英文网址：http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp

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