三分钟学会@Autowired@Qualifier@Primary注解

三分钟学会@Autowired@Qualifier@Primary注解

2018.10.08 20:24 154浏览

今天主要简单的跟大家介绍一下spring自动装配相关的@Autowired，@Qualifier和@Primary注解

1，@Autowired注解的使用

继续上文深入理解spring注解之@ComponentScan注解中的例子，现在我们需要在UserService中调用UserDao相关操作，那我们可以在UserService中增加如下代码：

import com.zhang.dao.UserDao;
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    /**
     * 增加一个tostring方法 方便测试
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserService [userDao=" + userDao + "]";
    }
}

测试代码如下：

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext2 = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainScanConfig.class);
UserService object = (UserService) applicationContext2.getBean("userService");
System.out.println("实例bean为 === "+object);

运行结果如下：

实例bean为 === UserService [userDao=com.zhang.dao.UserDao@51b279c9]

根据运行结果我们可以发现userDao已经成功注入到UserService中了

假设现在业务中有一种情况是UserDao是第三方提供的服务，我们也不能保证其是否可以成功加入到spring容器中，那我们也不能因为UserDao没能成功注入到spring容器而使我们整个UserService服务都不能使用，那这边我们就来演示一下这种情况，如下我们注释掉UserDao的@Repository注解：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
//@Repository
public class UserDao {
}

这个时候你再启动测试类会报如下错误：

警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'userDao'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zhang.dao.UserDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'userDao'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zhang.dao.UserDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1268)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:312)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:308)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:84)
    at com.zhang.ApplicationTest.main(ApplicationTest.java:31)

其实很简单这个时候我们只需要在@Autowired注解中加上如下属性：

@Autowired(required=false)
private UserDao userDao;

再次运行测试类你会发现错误已经消失只是这个时候userDao是null如下：

实例bean为 === UserService [userDao=null]

把UserDao代码修改为如下：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDao {
    // 给一个默认值
    private Integer version = 0;
    /**
     * 增加tostring方便测试
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserDao [version=" + version + "]";
    }
    /**
     * @return the version
     */
    public Integer getVersion() {
        return version;
    }
    /**
     * @param version the version to set
     */
    public void setVersion(Integer version) {
        this.version = version;
    }
}

同时在配置类中增加一个@Bean的UserDao配置如下：

@Bean(value = "userDao2")
public UserDao getUserDao(){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        userDao.setVersion(2);
        return userDao;
}

运行测试类结果如下：

实例bean为 === UserService [userDao=UserDao [version=0]]

我们可以发现这个时候用的是默认的扫描到的UserDao，这个时候我们把UserService中注入的UserDao改成如下：

@Autowired(required=false)
private UserDao userDao2;

继续运行测试类结果如下：

实例bean为 === UserService [userDao=UserDao [version=2]]

@Qualifier(value="userDao")
@Autowired(required=false)
private UserDao userDao2;

这个时候不管你UserDao定义什么名字永远只会注入userDao这个bean了

@Primary
@Bean(value = "userDao2")
public UserDao getUserDao(){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        userDao.setVersion(2);
        return userDao;
}

这个时候运行测试类你会发现UserService注入的就是userDao2了

原文地址：http://www.imooc.com/article/252878

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/11081000.html