目录
leetcode595-大的国家
SQL架构
Create table If Not Exists World (name varchar(255), continent varchar(255), area int, population int, gdp int)
Truncate table World
insert into World (name, continent, area, population, gdp) values ('Afghanistan', 'Asia', '652230', '25500100', '20343000000')
insert into World (name, continent, area, population, gdp) values ('Albania', 'Europe', '28748', '2831741', '12960000000')
insert into World (name, continent, area, population, gdp) values ('Algeria', 'Africa', '2381741', '37100000', '188681000000')
insert into World (name, continent, area, population, gdp) values ('Andorra', 'Europe', '468', '78115', '3712000000')
insert into World (name, continent, area, population, gdp) values ('Angola', 'Africa', '1246700', '20609294', '100990000000')
这里有张 World
表
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name | continent | area | population | gdp |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000 |
| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000 |
| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000 |
| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000 |
| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000 |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
如果一个国家的面积超过300万平方公里,或者人口超过2500万,那么这个国家就是大国家。
编写一个SQL查询,输出表中所有大国家的名称、人口和面积。
例如,根据上表,我们应该输出:
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name | population | area |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan | 25500100 | 652230 |
| Algeria | 37100000 | 2381741 |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
思路:OR连接两个条件
SELECT name,population,area
FROM world
WHERE population>25000000 OR area>3000000
leetcoede627-交换工资
SQL架构
create table if not exists salary(id int, name varchar(100), sex char(1), salary int)
Truncate table salary
insert into salary (id, name, sex, salary) values ('1', 'A', 'm', '2500')
insert into salary (id, name, sex, salary) values ('2', 'B', 'f', '1500')
insert into salary (id, name, sex, salary) values ('3', 'C', 'm', '5500')
insert into salary (id, name, sex, salary) values ('4', 'D', 'f', '500')
给定一个 salary 表,如下所示,有 m = 男性 和 f = 女性 的值。交换所有的 f 和 m 值(例如,将所有 f 值更改为 m,反之亦然)。要求只使用一个更新(Update)语句,并且没有中间的临时表。
注意,您必只能写一个 Update 语句,请不要编写任何 Select 语句。
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | m | 2500 |
| 2 | B | f | 1500 |
| 3 | C | m | 5500 |
| 4 | D | f | 500 |
运行你所编写的更新语句之后,将会得到以下表:
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | f | 2500 |
| 2 | B | m | 1500 |
| 3 | C | f | 5500 |
| 4 | D | m | 500 |
思路:使用UPDATE和控制流程语句CASE...THEN
UPDATE salary
SET sex=CASE sex
when 'm' THEN 'f'
ELSE 'm'
END;
思路2:使用ascii来辅助计算,但是运算时间复杂度不如之前的算法
UPDATE salary
SET sex=CHAR(ASCII('m')+ASCII('f')-ASCII(sex))
leetcode620-有趣的电影
Create table If Not Exists cinema (id int, movie varchar(255), description varchar(255), rating float(2, 1))
Truncate table cinema
insert into cinema (id, movie, description, rating) values ('1', 'War', 'great 3D', '8.9')
insert into cinema (id, movie, description, rating) values ('2', 'Science', 'fiction', '8.5')
insert into cinema (id, movie, description, rating) values ('3', 'irish', 'boring', '6.2')
insert into cinema (id, movie, description, rating) values ('4', 'Ice song', 'Fantacy', '8.6')
insert into cinema (id, movie, description, rating) values ('5', 'House card', 'Interesting', '9.1')
某城市开了一家新的电影院,吸引了很多人过来看电影。该电影院特别注意用户体验,专门有个 LED显示板做电影推荐,上面公布着影评和相关电影描述。
作为该电影院的信息部主管,您需要编写一个 SQL查询,找出所有影片描述为非 boring (不无聊) 的并且 id 为奇数 的影片,结果请按等级 rating 排列。
例如,下表 cinema
:
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
| 2 | Science | fiction | 8.5 |
| 3 | irish | boring | 6.2 |
| 4 | Ice song | Fantacy | 8.6 |
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
对于上面的例子,则正确的输出是为:
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
思路:id为奇数用%来实现,排序ORDER BY 字段名 DESC(降序) ASC升序
SELECT *
FROM cinema
WHERE id%2 = 1
AND description != "boring"
ORDER BY rating DESC
leetcode596-超过5名学生的课
Create table If Not Exists courses (student varchar(255), class varchar(255))
Truncate table courses
insert into courses (student, class) values ('A', 'Math')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('B', 'English')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('C', 'Math')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('D', 'Biology')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('E', 'Math')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('F', 'Computer')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('G', 'Math')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('H', 'Math')
insert into courses (student, class) values ('I', 'Math')
有一个courses
表 ,有: student (学生) 和 class (课程)。
请列出所有超过或等于5名学生的课。
例如,表:
+---------+------------+
| student | class |
+---------+------------+
| A | Math |
| B | English |
| C | Math |
| D | Biology |
| E | Math |
| F | Computer |
| G | Math |
| H | Math |
| I | Math |
+---------+------------+
应该输出:
+---------+
| class |
+---------+
| Math |
+---------+
思路:使用分组来实现,having用来过滤分组
SELECT class
FROM courses
GROUP BY class
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT student)>=5
leetcode182-查找重复的电子邮箱
Create table If Not Exists Person (Id int, Email varchar(255))
Truncate table Person
insert into Person (Id, Email) values ('1', 'a@b.com')
insert into Person (Id, Email) values ('2', 'c@d.com')
insert into Person (Id, Email) values ('3', 'a@b.com')
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person
表中所有重复的电子邮箱。
示例:
+----+---------+
| Id | Email |
+----+---------+
| 1 | a@b.com |
| 2 | c@d.com |
| 3 | a@b.com |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:
+---------+
| Email |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+
说明:所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。
思路:使用GROUP BY将相同的邮箱分到一组,然后分组数量大于2的进行输出
SELECT
Email
FROM
Person
GROUP BY
Email
HAVING
COUNT(*)>=2
leetcode196-删除重复的电子邮箱
编写一个 SQL 查询,来删除 Person
表中所有重复的电子邮箱,重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | john@example.com |
| 2 | bob@example.com |
| 3 | john@example.com |
+----+------------------+
Id 是这个表的主键。
例如,在运行你的查询语句之后,上面的 Person
表应返回以下几行:
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | john@example.com |
| 2 | bob@example.com |
+----+------------------+
思路:将此表与它自身在电子邮箱中连接起来
DELETE p1 FROM Person p1,
Person p2
WHERE
p1.Email = p2.Email AND p1.Id > p2.Id
思路2:子查询
DELETE
FROM
Person
WHERE0
ID not IN(SELECT ID FROM(SELECT MIN(ID) AS ID FROM Person GROUP BY Email) AS m)
leetcode175-组合两个表
Create table Person (PersonId int, FirstName varchar(255), LastName varchar(255))
Create table Address (AddressId int, PersonId int, City varchar(255), State varchar(255))
Truncate table Person
insert into Person (PersonId, LastName, FirstName) values ('1', 'Wang', 'Allen')
Truncate table Address
insert into Address (AddressId, PersonId, City, State) values ('1', '2', 'New York City', 'New York')
表1: Person
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId | int |
| FirstName | varchar |
| LastName | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
表2: Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId | int |
| PersonId | int |
| City | varchar |
| State | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键
编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:
FirstName, LastName, City, State
思路:左外连接
SELECT
FirstName,LastName,City,State
FROM
Person as P LEFT OUTER JOIN Address as A
ON
P.PersonID=A.PersonID
leetcode181-超过经理收入的员工
Create table If Not Exists Employee (Id int, Name varchar(255), Salary int, ManagerId int)
Truncate table Employee
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, ManagerId) values ('1', 'Joe', '70000', '3')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, ManagerId) values ('2', 'Henry', '80000', '4')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, ManagerId) values ('3', 'Sam', '60000', 'None')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, ManagerId) values ('4', 'Max', '90000', 'None')
Employee
表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
给定 Employee
表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。
+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe |
+----------+
思路:使用左外连接,将经理的工资连接在后面
SELECT
E1.Name AS Employee
FROM
Employee as E1 LEFT JOIN Employee AS E2
ON
E1.ManagerId=E2.ID
WHERE
E1. Salary >E2.Salary
leetcode183-从不订购的客户
Create table If Not Exists Customers (Id int, Name varchar(255))
Create table If Not Exists Orders (Id int, CustomerId int)
Truncate table Customers
insert into Customers (Id, Name) values ('1', 'Joe')
insert into Customers (Id, Name) values ('2', 'Henry')
insert into Customers (Id, Name) values ('3', 'Sam')
insert into Customers (Id, Name) values ('4', 'Max')
Truncate table Orders
insert into Orders (Id, CustomerId) values ('1', '3')
insert into Orders (Id, CustomerId) values ('2', '1')
某网站包含两个表,Customers
表和 Orders
表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。
Customers
表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | Joe |
| 2 | Henry |
| 3 | Sam |
| 4 | Max |
+----+-------+
Orders
表:
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 |
+----+------------+
例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:
+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry |
| Max |
+-----------+
思路:左外连接
SELECT
C.Name AS Customers
FROM
Customers AS C LEFT JOIN Orders AS O
ON
C.Id=O.CustomerId
WHERE
O.CustomerId IS NULL
思路2:子查询
SELECT
C.Name AS Customers
FROM
Customers AS C
WHERE
Id NOT IN (SELECT CustomerId FROM Orders )
leetcode184-部门工资最高的员工
Create table If Not Exists Employee (Id int, Name varchar(255), Salary int, DepartmentId int)
Create table If Not Exists Department (Id int, Name varchar(255))
Truncate table Employee
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('1', 'Joe', '70000', '1')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('2', 'Jim', '90000', '1')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('3', 'Henry', '80000', '2')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('4', 'Sam', '60000', '2')
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('5', 'Max', '90000', '1')
Truncate table Department
insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('1', 'IT')
insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('2', 'Sales')
Employee
表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department
表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
思路:先通过分组获取每个部门最大的salary,再做拼接。
SELECT
D.Name AS Department ,
E.Name AS Employee ,
E.Salary AS Salary
FROM
(SELECT DepartmentId,MAX(Salary ) AS Salary FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId) M
JOIN
Employee E
ON
E.DepartmentId = M.DepartmentId AND E.Salary = M.Salary
JOIN
Department D
ON
D.Id = M.DepartmentId
leetcode176-第二高的薪水
Create table If Not Exists Employee (Id int, Salary int)
Truncate table Employee
insert into Employee (Id, Salary) values ('1', '100')
insert into Employee (Id, Salary) values ('2', '200')
insert into Employee (Id, Salary) values ('3', '300')
编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee
表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee
表,SQL查询应该返回 200
作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null
。
+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200 |
+---------------------+
思路:同过DESC来对薪水进行排序,用LIMIT来输出指定的行数。若不存在第二高薪水,可以将查询结果作为临时表。
SELECT
(SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1)
AS SecondHighestSalary
leetcode177-第N高的薪水
同176
注意索引是从0开始的,要先让N=N-1
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
SET N=N-1;
RETURN (
# Write your MySQL query statement below.
SELECT (SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT N,1) AS SecondHighestSalary
);
END
leetcode178-分数排名
Create table If Not Exists Scores (Id int, Score DECIMAL(3,2))
Truncate table Scores
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('1', '3.5')
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('2', '3.65')
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('3', '4.0')
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('4', '3.85')
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('5', '4.0')
insert into Scores (Id, Score) values ('6', '3.65')
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores
表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
思路:
leetcode180-连续出现的数字
Create table If Not Exists Logs (Id int, Num int)
Truncate table Logs
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('1', '1')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('2', '1')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('3', '1')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('4', '2')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('5', '1')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('6', '2')
insert into Logs (Id, Num) values ('7', '2')
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。
+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
+----+-----+
例如,给定上面的 Logs
表, 1
是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。
+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
leetcode626-换座位
Create table If Not Exists seat(id int, student varchar(255))
Truncate table seat
insert into seat (id, student) values ('1', 'Abbot')
insert into seat (id, student) values ('2', 'Doris')
insert into seat (id, student) values ('3', 'Emerson')
insert into seat (id, student) values ('4', 'Green')
insert into seat (id, student) values ('5', 'Jeames')
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
示例:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
数据库建表
CREATE TABLE miaosha_goods
(
id bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '秒杀的商品表',
goods_id bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品ld',
miaosha_price decimal(10,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '秒杀价',
stock_count int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '库存数量',
start_date datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT "秒杀开始时间",
end_date datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '秒杀结束时间',
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='秒杀商品表';
MySQL的数据类型
整数类型:TINY INT,SMALL INT,MEDIUM INT,INT,BIG INT
浮点数类型:FLOAT,DOUBLE,DECIMAL
字符串类型:CHAR、VARCHAR(都是定长,char不足n时,用空格填充,查询时去掉)、TEXT
日期类型:date、time、datetime
其它数据类型:ENUM