Linux kernel Namespace源码分析

学习一下linux kernel namespace的代码还是很有必要的，让你对docker容器的namespace隔离有更深的认识。我的源码分析，是基于Linux Kernel 4.4.19 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/patch-4.4.19.gz)版本的，由于namespace模块更新很少，因此其他相近版本之间雷同。User namespace由于与其他namespaces耦合在一起，比较难分析，我将在后续再作分析。

Kernel，Namespace，Process

Linux Namespace是一种Linux Kernel提供的资源隔离方案，提供Pid，Network，Ipc，Uts，Mount等资源的隔离，每个Namespace下的这些资源对于其他Namespace是不可见的。
注意，一个进程可以同时属于多个Namespace。Linux Kernel、Namespace、Process之间的关系可以用下图描述。

Begin with “task_struct”

As u know, Linux Namespace是用来做进程资源隔离的，那么在进程描述符中，一定有对应的Namespaces Info。
在linux-4.4.19/include/linux/sched.h #1380 定义task_struct结构体，该结构体是Linux Process完整信息的集合，其中就包含了一个指向Namespace结构体的指针nsproxy。

struct task_struct {
      ...
      /* namespaces */
      struct nsproxy *nsproxy;
      ...
}

nsproxy结构体的定义在linux-4.4.6/include/linux/nsproxy.h #29

/*
 * A structure to contain pointers to all per-process
 * namespaces - fs (mount), uts, network, sysvipc, etc.
 *
 * The pid namespace is an exception -- it's accessed using
 * task_active_pid_ns.  The pid namespace here is the
 * namespace that children will use.
 *
 * 'count' is the number of tasks holding a reference.
 * The count for each namespace, then, will be the number
 * of nsproxies pointing to it, not the number of tasks.
 *
 * The nsproxy is shared by tasks which share all namespaces.
 * As soon as a single namespace is cloned or unshared, the
 * nsproxy is copied.
 */
struct nsproxy {
      atomic_t count;
      struct uts_namespace *uts_ns;
      struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns;
      struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns;
      struct pid_namespace *pid_ns_for_children;
      struct net         *net_ns;
};

注意：正如如上代码注释写到，只要namespace被clone了，那么nsproxy就会跟着被clone。
同时，nsproxy.h中定义了一些对namespace的操作，包括copy_namespaces等。

 int copy_namespaces(unsigned long flags, struct task_struct *tsk);
void exit_task_namespaces(struct task_struct *tsk);
void switch_task_namespaces(struct task_struct *tsk, struct nsproxy *new);
void free_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns);
int unshare_nsproxy_namespaces(unsigned long, struct nsproxy **, struct cred *, struct fs_struct *);
int __init nsproxy_cache_init(void);
static inline void put_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns) { … }
static inline void get_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns) { … }

uts_namespace

linux-4.4.19/include/linux/utsname.h #12

struct uts_namespace {
       struct kref kref;
       struct new_utsname name;
       struct user_namespace *user_ns;
       struct ns_common ns;
};

ipc_namespace

linux-4.4.19/include/linux/ipc_namespace.h #21

struct ipc_namespace {
       atomic_t      count;
       struct ipc_ids      ids[3];


       int          sem_ctls[4];
       int          used_sems;


       unsigned int msg_ctlmax;
       unsigned int msg_ctlmnb;
       unsigned int msg_ctlmni;
       atomic_t      msg_bytes;
       atomic_t      msg_hdrs;


       size_t           shm_ctlmax;
       size_t           shm_ctlall;
       unsigned long     shm_tot;
       int          shm_ctlmni;
       /*
        * Defines whether IPC_RMID is forced for _all_ shm segments regardless
        * of shmctl()
        */
       int          shm_rmid_forced;


       struct notifier_block ipcns_nb;


       /* The kern_mount of the mqueuefs sb.  We take a ref on it */
       struct vfsmount  *mq_mnt;


       /* # queues in this ns, protected by mq_lock */
       unsigned int    mq_queues_count;


       /* next fields are set through sysctl */
       unsigned int    mq_queues_max;   /* initialized to DFLT_QUEUESMAX */
       unsigned int    mq_msg_max;      /* initialized to DFLT_MSGMAX */
       unsigned int    mq_msgsize_max;  /* initialized to DFLT_MSGSIZEMAX */
       unsigned int    mq_msg_default;
       unsigned int    mq_msgsize_default;


       /* user_ns which owns the ipc ns */
       struct user_namespace *user_ns;


       struct ns_common ns;
};

mnt_namespace

linux-4.4.19/fs/mount.h #7

struct mnt_namespace {
       atomic_t             count;
       struct ns_common     ns;
       struct mount *    root;
       struct list_head   list;
       struct user_namespace    *user_ns;
       u64               seq; /* Sequence number to prevent loops */
       wait_queue_head_t poll;
       u64 event;
};

pid_namespace

linux-4.4.19/include/linux/pid_namespace.h #24

struct pid_namespace {
       struct kref kref;
       struct pidmap pidmap[PIDMAP_ENTRIES];
       struct rcu_head rcu;
       int last_pid;
       unsigned int nr_hashed;
       struct task_struct *child_reaper;
       struct kmem_cache *pid_cachep;
       unsigned int level;
       struct pid_namespace *parent;
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
       struct vfsmount *proc_mnt;
       struct dentry *proc_self;
       struct dentry *proc_thread_self;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
       struct fs_pin *bacct;
#endif
       struct user_namespace *user_ns;
       struct work_struct proc_work;
       kgid_t pid_gid;
       int hide_pid;
       int reboot;    /* group exit code if this pidns was rebooted */
       struct ns_common ns;
};

net_namespace

linux-4.4.19/include/net/net_namespace.h #47

struct net {
       atomic_t             passive; /* To decided when the network
                                           * namespace should be freed.
                                           */
       atomic_t             count;           /* To decided when the network
                                           *  namespace should be shut down.
                                           */
       spinlock_t            rules_mod_lock;


       atomic64_t         cookie_gen;


       struct list_head   list;        /* list of network namespace