磁盘管理——小实验

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-09 18:15:13 发布

Wentasy

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-09 18:15:13 发布

阅读量2.7k

点赞数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/10297035

版权

Linux 同时被 3 个专栏收录

134 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

Linux学习之路

110 篇文章 78 订阅

订阅专栏

Linux Basic Management

44 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

一实验要求

1.保证数据的安全，任何一块磁盘坏掉不影响数据丢失，还要考虑IO性能

2.划分两个单独的磁盘分区/web和/data

3.可以动态地扩展分区的大小

二实现功能

第一步对磁盘进行分区

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sde

第二步制作RAID5硬盘

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks
52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
       32768,98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
 
Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第三步创建物理卷

[root@serv01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/md5
 Physical volume "/dev/md5" successfully created

第四步创建卷组

[root@serv01 ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/md5
 Volume group "myvg" successfully created

第五步创建逻辑卷

#创建逻辑卷mylv01
[root@serv01 ~]#  lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv01 myvg
 Logical volume "mylv01" created
#创建逻辑卷mylv02
[root@serv01 ~]#  lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv02 myvg
 Logical volume "mylv02" created

第六步创建相关目录和配置文件

#创建mdadm.conf文件
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf
#创建/web目录
[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /web
#创建/data目录
[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /data
#将挂载信息写到fstab文件中
[root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
[root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
[root@serv01 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab
/dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2

第七步格式化硬盘

#格式化mylv01
[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv01
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
64000 inodes, 256000 blocks
12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
8000 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
       32768,98304, 163840, 229376
 
Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
 
#格式化mylv02
[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv02
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
64000 inodes, 256000 blocks
12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
8000 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
       32768,98304, 163840, 229376
 
Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第八步挂载

#挂载web
[root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv01/web
#挂载data
[root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv02/data
#查看磁盘信息
[root@serv01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             9.7G  1.1G 8.1G  12% /
tmpfs                 188M     0 188M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   25M 160M  14% /boot
/dev/sda5             4.0G  137M 3.7G   4% /opt
/dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G    0 100% /iso
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01
                      985M   18M 918M   2% /web
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02
                      985M   18M 918M   2% /data

第九步模拟硬盘坏掉

#拷贝文件到web目录
[root@serv01 ~]# cp /boot/* /web/
#查看RAID5的详细信息
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
       Version : 1.2
 Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
    Raid Level : raid5
    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
 Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
  Raid Devices : 3
 Total Devices : 3
   Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 
   Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:46:462013
         State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
 Spare Devices : 0
 
        Layout : left-symmetric
    Chunk Size : 512K
 
          Name : serv01.host.com:5  (local to host serv01.host.com)
          UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
        Events : 22
 
   Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
      0       8       17       0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
#清除/dev/sdb，o
[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@serv01 ~]# ls /web/
config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64         lost+found                             System.map-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img  symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz  vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
#再次查看，发现/dev/sdb被标记为removed
[root@serv01~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
       Version : 1.2
 Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
    Raid Level : raid5
    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
 Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
  Raid Devices : 3
 Total Devices : 2
   Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 
   Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:48:192013
         State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
 Spare Devices : 0
 
        Layout : left-symmetric
    Chunk Size : 512K
 
          Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
          UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
        Events : 30
 
   Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
      0       0        0       0      removed
      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

第十步添加硬盘

#添加/dev/sde1磁盘
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sde1
mdadm: added /dev/sde1
#再次查看，发现/dev/sde被标记为active
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
       Version : 1.2
 Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
    Raid Level : raid5
    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
 Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
  Raid Devices : 3
  TotalDevices : 3
   Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 
   Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:49:192013
         State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
 Spare Devices : 0
 
        Layout : left-symmetric
    Chunk Size : 512K
 
          Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
          UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
        Events : 51
 
   Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
      4       8       65       0      active sync   /dev/sde1
      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
#查看RAID信息
[root@serv01 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sde1[4] sdc1[1] sdd1[3]
     4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
     
unused devices: <none>

第十一步增加逻辑卷

#可以增加逻辑卷的大小
[root@serv01 ~]# lvextend -L +1G/dev/myvg/mylv01
 Extending logical volume mylv01 to 1.98 GiB
 Logical volume mylv01 successfully resized
#让增加的操作生效
[root@serv01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv01
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv01 is mountedon /web; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of/dev/myvg/mylv01 to 518144 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv01 is now518144 blocks long.
#再次查看，发现磁盘空间变大
[root@serv01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             9.7G  1.1G 8.1G  12% /
tmpfs                 188M     0 188M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   25M 160M  14% /boot
/dev/sda5             4.0G  137M 3.7G   4% /opt
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01
                      2.0G   36M 1.9G   2% /web
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02
                      985M   18M 918M   2% /data
/dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G    0 100% /iso
      
#再添加一块硬盘
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sdf1
mdadm: added /dev/sdf1
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
       Version : 1.2
 Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
    Raid Level : raid5
    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
 Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
  Raid Devices : 3
 Total Devices : 4
   Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 
   Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:56:132013
         State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
 Spare Devices : 1
 
        Layout : left-symmetric
    Chunk Size : 512K
 
          Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
          UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
        Events : 52
 
   Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
      4       8       65       0      active sync   /dev/sde1
       1      8       33        1     active sync   /dev/sdc1
      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
 
      5       8       81       -      spare   /dev/sdf1
#让添加的硬盘生效
[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --grow /dev/md5—raid-device=4
 
[root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay
  ---Physical volume ---
  PVName               /dev/md5
  VGName               myvg
  PVSize               4.00 GiB / not usable4.00 MiB
 Allocatable           yes
  PESize               4.00 MiB
 Total PE              1022
 Free PE               266
 Allocated PE          756
  PVUUID              uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06
 
 
#让物理卷的大小同步
[root@serv01 ~]# pvresize /dev/md5
 Physical volume "/dev/md5" changed
  1physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay
  ---Physical volume ---
  PVName               /dev/md5
  VGName               myvg
  PVSize               5.99 GiB / not usable0  
 Allocatable           yes
  PESize               4.00 MiB
 Total PE              1534
 Free PE               778
 Allocated PE          756
  PVUUID              uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06
 
#可以监控文件的变化
[root@serv01 ~]# watch cat /proc/mdstat

三相关文章

  我的邮箱：wgbno27@163.com
  新浪微博：@Wentasy27         
  微信公众平台：JustOracle（微信号：justoracle）
  数据库技术交流群：336882565（加群时验证 From CSDN XXX）
  Oracle交流讨论组：https://groups.google.com/d/forum/justoracle
  By Larry Wen


	@Wentasy 博文仅供参考，欢迎大家来访。如有错误之处，希望批评指正。原创博文如需转载请注明出处，谢谢 :) [CSDN博客]