Android跨进程通信二——AIDL

AIDL全称Android Interface Definition Language即安卓接口定义语言。主要用于多进程通信。比Messenger，它具有支持多线程优势

注意事项：

• 为了线程安全考虑，服务端可以使用多线程处理到来的请求

• 客户端发送给服务端的请求如果需要好几毫秒处理时间，为了防止客户端出现ANR(程序未响应)问题，则客户端需要单独开一个线程用于请求。

• 不要将线程抛回给请求方
  

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.androidClient" >

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity android:name="com.example.androidClient.MainActivity" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>


        <service android:name=".RemoteService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":remote">

        </service>
    </application>

</manifest>

布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout     
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"     
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
        android:onClick="bind_service"
        android:text="绑定服务"/>


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/unbind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:onClick="unbind_service"
        android:text="解除绑定"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="信息提示："
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/message"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />


</LinearLayout>

定义AIDL文件

// IRemoteService.aidl
package com.example.androidClient;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IRemoteService {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);


    int getPid();

    int sum(int a, int b);

}

服务端

package com.example.androidClient;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.RemoteException;

/**
 * 服务端的服务
 */
public class RemoteService extends Service {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }


    public IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
        @Override
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException {

        }

        @Override
        public int getPid() throws RemoteException {
            return Process.myPid();
        }

        @Override
        public int sum(int a, int b) throws RemoteException {
            return a+b;
        }


    };
}

客户端

package com.example.androidClient;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.*;
import android.os.Process;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    TextView message;
    IRemoteService mService;
    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"success",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            try {
                message.setText("Caller Process ID: "+ Process.myPid()+"\n" +"Service Process ID: "+mService.getPid()+"\n"+"Result: "+mService.sum(2,3));
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            mService = null;
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"failure",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.message);
    }


    public void bind_service(View view){
        /*Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.example.android.remote_service");
        intent.setPackage("com.example.android");*/
        Intent intent = new Intent(this,RemoteService.class);
        bindService(intent,mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }


    public void unbind_service(View view){
        unbindService(mServiceConnection);
    }
}

效果图

内容来自：https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl.html