一、为什么有将指定的类放入主dex中的需求
我们分包的时候会遇到一个问题,因为加载和初始化的问题,如果某个类不在主dex中,那么程序就会报错,Java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
例如:自定义主dex所包含类的过程中,有9个类必须在主dex中
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDex</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDexApplication</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDexExtractor</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDexExtractor</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$1</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDex</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$4</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDex</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$14</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MultiDex</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$19</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ZipUtil</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> android/support/multidex/<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ZipUtil</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$CentralDirectory</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>
这9个类必须在主dex中,否则就会出现异常,就是上面说的找不到类。在attachBaseContext方法中有个MultiDex.install(this),用来加载其他的dex文件,如果MultiDex的相关类不在主dex中,那么这些无法加载,就会报错。
注意:并不是只有这9个类是必须的,我在maindexlist.txt(这个文件做什么后面介绍)中只加入了这9个类和一个MainActivity.class,报出了找不到Android/support/multidex/MultiDex$14.class的异常,明明加入了。后来我复制了一个文件,里面有很多类,同时也有这9个类,然后就没有出异常,所以我猜测,这九个类应该还需要其他的一些类。至于复制的什么文件,下面会有介绍。
那么我们为了解决这个找不到类的问题,就必须将这样的类放入主dex中。那么如何将一个类放入主dex中呢?
二、Gradle中的配置
我们需要通过修改build.gradle文件,增加afterEvaluate区域。下面给出完整的build.gradle配置,其中1,3两项配置在dex分包方案概述与multidex包的配置使用中已经介绍过,配置如下:
<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">apply plugin: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.application'</span> android { compileSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span> buildToolsVersion <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"22.0.1"</span> defaultConfig { applicationId <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.example.gao.delete"</span> minSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span> targetSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span> versionCode <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> versionName <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //1</span> multiDexEnabled <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">true</span> } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">false</span> proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-android.txt'</span>), <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-rules.pro'</span> } } }<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //2</span> afterEvaluate { tasks.matching { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">it</span>.name.startsWith(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'dex'</span>) }.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">each</span> { dx -> def listFile = project.rootDir.absolutePath+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/app/maindexlist.txt'</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (dx.additionalParameters == <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { dx.additionalParameters = [] } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //表示当方法数越界时则生成多个dex文件(我的没有越界,貌似也生成了两个)</span> dx.additionalParameters += <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'--multi-dex'</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //这个指定了listFile中的类(即maindexlist.txt中的类)会打包到主dex中,不过注意下一条。</span> dx.additionalParameters += <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'--main-dex-list='</span> +listFile <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //表明只有-main-dex-list所指定的类(在我的配置中,就是app目录下的maindexlist.txt中包含的类)才能打包到主dex中,如果没有这个选项,上个选项就会失效</span> dx.additionalParameters += <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'--minimal-main-dex'</span> } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'libs'</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">include</span>: [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'*.jar'</span>]) compile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0-alpha1'</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> //3</span> compile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'</span> }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li></ul>
三、创建主dex包含类的列表
为了方便,Demo下只有三个类:
根据上面builde.gradle中的配置,我们在app目录下创建一个maindexlist.txt,我们在这个txt里将我们想要放在主dex中的类写进去,自己写还是相当麻烦的,可是自己又不会脚本自动生成,没办法。不过注意一点,由于上述的配置,只有这个txt下的类才会放到主dex中,所以这个文本不能乱写,要不然各种错误,切身体会。。。
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我是取巧,在\app\build\intermediates\multi-dex\debug目录下找到了一个maindexlist.txt,注意,这个你改了没用,一运行又恢复了,将这个复制到app目录下,就是配置中listFile指定的路径,然后这个里面默认有很多的类,包括MainActivity,但不包括我们的Fifth.class和Sixth.class,运行,解压apk中的主dex文件,反编译,结果如下:
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下面我们在app目录下的maindexlist.txt中增加一行
com/example/gao/delete/Sixth.class
,然后重新运行,找到apk,解压,发现分了两个dex文件,我们将主dex文件反编译,主dex反编译结果如下:我们可以看到,Sixth.class已经成功加入到主dex中了。
注意:
在\app\build\intermediates\multi-dex\debug目录下的maindexlist.txt复制到app目录下,不更改就只有MainActivity和一些其他类,不包括我们的Fifth.class和Sixth.class。如果我们要增加Sixth.class,如下,我们在第一行增加Sixth.class:
如果改变并保存这个txt,这个txt就会变得很乱(不知道为什么),然后运行就失败,我是一个个回车调整成如图的格式.