nginx服务配置

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-18 10:05:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-18 10:05:12 发布

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分类专栏： (Nginx|Haproxy)【IIS】

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/WuLex

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nginx服务配置

nginx出发点就是一个http的服务，一个纯粹做http协议的服务

windows安装可参考以下

nginx: download

Mac安装

安装

brew install nginx

查看版本

nginx -v

安装位置

/usr/local/etc/nginx

启动

sudo nginx

查看 nginx 是否启动成功

在浏览器中访问 http://localhost:8080，如果出现如下界面，则说明启动成功.

在这里插入图片描述

关闭nginx

sudo nginx -s stop

重新加载nginx

sudo nginx -s reload

修改hosts文件配置本地域名

hosts位置:

Windows C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
Mac /private/etc/hosts
Ubuntu /etc/hosts

vim hosts

##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 test.com

保存以上配置即可，127.0.0.1 test.com 在浏览中输入www.test.com域名，就可访问本地指定的网站，仅限于本地。

注意Nginx中，要做好conf配置，让这些域名有所访问的对象，例如下面Nginx配置缓存处的test.com指向http://127.0.0.1:3010

查看是否配置成功可以打开cmd ping 一下配置的余名，例如上面配置的

ping test.com

PING test.com (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.095 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms

nginx配置缓存

levels 是否要创建二级文件夹
keys_zone=my_cache:10m 代理缓存查找一个缓存之前要有个地方保存，一个url对应的缓存保存在哪个地方，这个关系是存在内存里的，这里要声明一个内存大小进行保存，my_cache是缓存的名字，在每个server里面可以去设置

修改conf配置，文件目录了 /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/

vim nginx-cache.conf

proxy_cache_path /var/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;

server {
    listen          80;
    server_name     test.com;

    location / {
        proxy_cache my_cache;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3010;
        proxy_set_header Host $host; # 设置浏览器请求的host
    }
}

nginx-cache.js

以下s-maxage会代替max-age，只有在代理服务器（nginx代理服务器）才会生效
用来指定在发送一个请求时，只有在Vary指定的http的headers是相同的情况下，才会去使用缓存，例如User-Agent，IE、Firefox打开这个页面，CDN／代理服务器就会认为这是不同的页面，将会使用不同的缓存

const http = require('http');
const fs = require('fs');
const port = 3010;

const wait = seconds => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            resolve();
        }, seconds);
    })
}

http.createServer((request, response) => {
    console.log('request url: ', request.url);

    if (request.url === '/') {
        const html = fs.readFileSync('nginx-cache.html', 'utf-8');
    
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/html',
        });

        response.end(html);
    } else if (request.url === '/data') {
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Cache-Control': 'max-age=20, s-max-age=20',
            'Vary': 'Test-Cache-Val'
        });

        wait(3000).then(() => response.end("success!"));
    }

}).listen(port);

console.log('server listening on port ', port);

ngxin-cache.html

<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title>nginx-cache</title>
        <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fetch/2.0.4/fetch.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div>
            this is nginx-cache, and data is: <span id="data">请等待，数据获取中...</span>
        </div>
        <script>
            fetch('/data', {
                headers: {
                    'Test-Cache-Val': '123'
                }
            }).then((res => res.text())).then(text => {
                document.getElementById('data').innerText = text;
            });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

以上就是关于nginx代理服务器的实现实例，具体的Nginx代理服务器缓存还是有很多的功能，比如通过一些脚本让缓存使用内存数据库搜索性能会更高，默认nginx缓存是写在磁盘上的，读写磁盘效率是很低的，还可以通过设置cache key等。

nginx部署https服务

生成`public key`和`private key`

/usr/local/etc/nginx/certs目录下执行以下命令

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -sha256 -keyout localhost-privkey.pem -out localhost-cert.pem

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...............................................................................+++
..............+++
writing new private key to 'localhost-privkey.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:
Locality Name (eg, city) []:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:
Email Address []:

基于上面的`nginx-cache.conf`文件进行修改

proxy_cache_path /var/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;

server {
    listen          443 ssl; # https默认证书
    server_name     test.com;

    # ssl on; # 开启ssl证书
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-privkey.pem;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-cert.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_cache my_cache;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3010;
        proxy_set_header Host $host; # 设置浏览器请求的host
    }
}

注意:nginx: [warn] the “ssl” directive is deprecated, use the “listen … ssl”

http自动跳转https

proxy_cache_path /var/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;

server {
    listen          80 default_server;
    listen          [::]:80 default_server; # [::] 你的ip
    server_name     test.com;
    return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen          443 ssl; # https默认证书
    server_name     test.com;

    # ssl on; # 开启ssl证书
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-privkey.pem;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-cert.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_cache my_cache;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3010;
        proxy_set_header Host $host; # 设置浏览器请求的host
    }
}

实现http2协议

http2目前只能在https下面才可以

优势:
- 信道复用
- 分帧传输
- Server Push http/1.1协议里是客户端主动请求，服务才会响应，

http2.conf

server {
    listen          443 ssl http2;
    server_name     http2.test.com;
    http2_push_preload on; 

    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-privkey.pem;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/etc/nginx/certs/localhost-cert.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:30100;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

connection.js 基于http/1.1长链接示例修改

const http = require('http');
const fs = require('fs');
const port = 30100;

http.createServer((request, response) => {
    console.log('request url: ', request.url);

    const html = fs.readFileSync('./connection.html', 'utf-8');
    const img = fs.readFileSync('./test_img.jpg');

    if (request.url === '/') {
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/html',
            'Connection': 'close',
            'Link': '</test.jpg>; as=image; rel=preload',
        });

        response.end(html);
    } else {
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Content-Type': 'image/jpg'
        });

        response.end(img);
    }
}).listen(port);

console.log('server listening on port ', port);

connection.html

<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title>http2-connection</title>
        <style>
            img {
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        1
        <img src="/test1.jpg" alt="" />
        2
        <img src="/test2.jpg" alt="" />
        3
        <img src="/test3.jpg" alt="" />
        4
        <img src="/test4.jpg" alt="" />
        5
        <img src="/test5.jpg" alt="" />
        6
        <img src="/test6.jpg" alt="" />
        7
        <img src="/test7.jpg" alt="" />
        8
        <img src="/test8.jpg" alt="" />
    </body>
</html>

运行效果，基于http2协议复合浏览器同域策略都在一个TCP上复用

在这里插入图片描述测试http2性能的网站 https://http2.akamai.com/demo/http2-lab.html

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nginx服务配置

nginx服务配置nginx出发点就是一个http的服务，一个纯粹做http协议的服务windows安装可参考以下nginx: downloadMac安装安装brew install nginx查看版本nginx -v安装位置/usr/local/etc/nginx启动sudo nginx查看 nginx 是否启动成功在浏览器中访问 http:...
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